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CVR > Structure Of Upper Respiratory Tract > Flashcards

Structure Of Upper Respiratory Tract Flashcards

1
Q

Nose

A

most superior portion of respiratory tract

Anterior nares open into the enlarged
1. Vestibule- skin lined/ stiff hairs
2. Surface area of nose- doubled by turbinates

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2
Q

Turbinates create

A
  1. Superior meatus- olfactory epithelium, cribriform plate, sphenoid sinus
  2. Middle meatus- sinus openings
  3. Inferior meatus- nasolacrimal duct
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3
Q

Functions of nose

A

• Temperature of inspired air (0.25s contact)- 37 degrees
• Humidity (75-80%)
• Filter function
• Defence function- cilia take inhaled particulates backwards to be swallowed

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4
Q

Paranasal sinuses

A

pneumatised areas of the: frontal, maxillary, ethmoid, sphenoid bones
• Arranged in pairs
• Evagination of mucous membrane from the nasal cavity

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5
Q

Frontal sinuses:

A

within frontal bone
• Midline septum
• Over orbit and across superciliary arch
• Nerve supply- ophthalmic division of V nerve

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6
Q

Maxillary sinuses

A

Located within the body of the maxilla
• Pyramidal shape
• Base - lateral wall of the nose
• Apex - zygomatic process of the maxilla
• Roof - floor of the orbit
• Floor - alveolar process
• Open into the middle meatus
• Hiatus semilunaris

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7
Q

Ethmoid sinuses:

A

between the eyes
• Labyrinth of air cells
• Semilunar hiatus of the middle meatus
• Nerve supply- ophthalmic and maxillary V nerve

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8
Q

Nerve supply of ethmoid sinuses

A

ophthalmic and maxillary V nerve

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9
Q

Nerve supply of frontal sinuses

A

ophthalmic division of V nerve

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10
Q

Sphenoid sinuses:

A

medial to the cavernous sinus
• Carotid artery III, IV, V, VI
• inferior to optic canal, dura and pituitary gland
• Empties into sphenoethmoidal recess, lateral to the attachment of the nasal septum
• Nerve supply - ophthalmic V

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11
Q

Nerve supply of sphenoid sinuses

A

ophthalmic V

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12
Q

Pharynx

A

Fibromuscular tube lined with epithelium
• Squamous and columnar ciliated, mucous glands
• Skull base → C6 → Oesophagus
• Anterior → Nasal Cavities, mouth and larynx

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13
Q

3 parts of pharynx

A

Nasopharynx
Oropharynx
Laryngopharynx (hypopharynx)

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14
Q

Nasopharynx

A

Bounded by:
• base of skull
• Sphenoid rostrum
• C Spine
• Posterior nose (choana)
• Inferiorly at soft palate opens to oropharynx
• Eustachian tube orifices (lateral wall)- Supply air to middle ear
• Pharyngeal tonsils on posterior wall

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15
Q

Oropharynx

A

soft palate anteriorly
• Palatine tonsils on the lateral walls- palatoglossal folds and palatopharyngeal folds
• Inferiorly to the hyoid bone

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16
Q

Larynx

A

• Valvular function- prevents liquids and food from entering lung
• Rigid structure
• 9 cartilages
• Multiple muscles
• Arytenoid cartilages rotate on the cricoid cartilage to change vocal cords
• Innervation- vagus (X)= superior and recurrent laryngeal nerves

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17
Q

Innervation of larynx

A

vagus (X)= superior and recurrent laryngeal nerves

18
Q

Superior laryngeal nerve

A

Provides sensation to larynx
inferior ganglion
• Lateral pharyngeal wall
• Divides into internal (sensation) and external (cricothyroid muscle)

19
Q

Recurrent laryngeal nerves

A

all muscles except cricothyroid
• Left- lateral to arch of aorta, loops under aorta, ascends between trachea and oesophagus
• Right- right subclavian artery, plane between trachea and oesophagus

20
Q

Laryngeal cartilages

A

• single- epiglottis, thyroid, cricoid
• Double- cuneiform, corniculate, arytenoid

21
Q

Single laryngeal cartilages

A

epiglottis, thyroid, cricoid

22
Q

Sensory Innervation to pharynx

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve

23
Q

Nerve innervates muscle of tongue

A

Hypoglossal

24
Q

Double laryngeal cartilages

A

cuneiform, corniculate, arytenoid

25
Q

Nerve that innervates intrinsic muscles of larynx

A

Vagus nerve

26
Q

Larynx moves with speech and swallowing due to action of which muscles

A

Extrinsic muscles of the larynx (suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles)

27
Q

Arytenoid cartilages

A

Connected to vocal chords

28
Q

Eustachian tubes

A

a narrow tube that connects the middle ear to the back of the nose.
Normally, the Eustachian tube opens with every swallow or yawn to act as a pressure-equalizing valve for the middle ear. It also serves to drain the mucus produced by the lining of the middle ear.

29
Q

What are nares and their structure

A

Nostrils
Skin lined
Stiff hairs

30
Q

Sphenoid sinuses

A

Medial to the cavernous sinus
Very close to Carotid artery, III, IV, V, VI nerves
Inferior to optic canal, dura and pituitary gland (sinus protects the sinus gland)
Empties into sphenoethmoidal recess, lateral to attachment of nasal septum

31
Q

Nerve supply of sphenoid sinuses

A

Ophthalmic V

32
Q

Eustachian tube

A

Tube from ear empties into Nasopharynx

33
Q

Obligate nasal breathers

A

Primarily breathe through nose

34
Q

Where are turbinates found

A

Lateral nasal wall

35
Q

Function of turbinates

A

Increase surface area

36
Q

Superior meatus

A

Olfactory epithelium
Cribriform plate
Sphenoid sinuses

37
Q

Middle meatus

A

Sinus openings

38
Q

Inferior meatus

A

Nasolacrimal duct

39
Q

Nares

A

Nostrils

40
Q

What is lined by respiratory epithelium

A

Trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, nasopharynx, sinuses

41
Q

What is the roof of the nasopharynx lined by

A

Olfactory epithelium

42
Q

Reinke’s space

A

Loose irregular fibrous tissue in the vocal cords
Lies between epithelium and vocal ligaments

CVR (22 decks)

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