Respiratory Formative Assessment

Question 1

What is true about all chemoreceptors

Answer 1

They all sense PaCO2 levels

Question 2

How many nasal turbinates are there on each side

Answer 2

3

Question 3

In control of human breathing

Answer 3

Centres in both the pons and medulla oblongata are important

Question 4

Main motor function of the larynx is supplied by which nerve

Answer 4

Recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 5

Which rib is lateral to the sternal angle

Answer 5

2nd rib

Question 6

The right main bronchus is …… than the left main bronchus

Answer 6

More vertically disposed

Question 7

Where to place an emergency chest tube

Answer 7

between the mid to anterior axillary line in the fourth or fifth intercostal space tracking above the rib so as not to injure the intercostal bundle (artery, vein, nerve).

Question 8

Gas exchange between alveolus and haemoglobin

Answer 8

Occurs through a membrane approximately 1 micron thick

Question 9

During inspiration the diaphragm

Answer 9

Contracts and descends

Question 10

The physiological dead space is defined as

Answer 10

The volume of air in the trachea and main bronchi that doesn’t contribute to gas exchange plus the volume of air in the alveoli that doesn’t contribute to gas exchange
Alveolar dead space + anatomic dead space

Question 11

Approximate physiological dead space

Answer 11

175 mls

Question 12

Hypoxia (low oxygen levels) causes…. In the lungs

Answer 12

Vasoconstriction

Question 13

Arterial PaCO2 depends on

Answer 13

A constant, the production of CO2 and alveolar ventilation

Question 14

PaCO2=

Answer 14

k VCO2 / V’A

Question 15

The oxygen/haemoglobin dissociation curve is influenced by

Answer 15

Changing affinity for sequential oxygen molecule binding

Question 16

In respiratory acidosis

Answer 16

The PaCO2 initially rises

Question 17

The FEV1

Answer 17

The volume of air expelled after one second of forced expiration

Question 18

A patient with breathing problems has the following lung function: FEV1 1.6 litres (predicted value 3.2 litres) and FVC 4.8 litres (predicted value 4.7 litres).

Answer 18

The patient has airways obstruction and a reduced FEV1

Question 19

The carbon monoxide single breath transfer factor:

Answer 19

Is a good measure of gas exchange into the alveolar capillary

Question 20

When a climber ascends a mountain, which statement best describes the physiology?

Answer 20

The pressure of inspired oxygen falls

Question 21

Which of the following is NOT a feature of pulmonary oxygen toxicity (Lorraine Smith effect)?

Answer 21

Convulsions (CNS oxygen toxicity)

Question 22

Which statement best describes the genetics of asthma

Answer 22

Is not caused by a single mutation (at least chromosome 2,6,9,15,17 and 22 are involved)

Question 23

What does not cause occupational asthma

Answer 23

Mild steel welding

Question 24

Arterial gas embolism

Answer 24

Gas enters circulation via torn pulmonary veins
Small transpulmonary pressures can lead to arterial gas embolism
Normally occurs within 15mins of surfacing
Urgent decompression required
Can occur in a swimming pool and shallow dives

Question 25

the gene defect in cystic fibrosis is the CFTR found on;

Answer 25

Long arm of chromosome 7

Question 26

which is the most clinical significant form of alpha 1 anti trypsin deficiency

Answer 26

PiZZ

Question 27

The ductus arteriosus in the foetus joins the;

Answer 27

Pulmonary trunk to aorta