structure of the heart Flashcards
how many chambers is the heart comprised of
4
closed circulatory system
blood is pumped around the body and is contained within a network of blood vessels
open circulatory system
blood is insde a body cavity and bathes the organs
double circulatory system
one loop to the lungs and one to body
single circulatory system
onle that that includes both the lungs and the body
right side of the heart
pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs for gas exchange
- pulmonary circulatory system
left side of the heart
oxygeneated vlood can be pumped around the body
- systematic circulatory system
where is the heart protected
in the chest cavity by the pericardium
pericardium
a tough and fibrous sac
what is the left and right side of the heart separated by
septum
valves
keep blood flowing foward in the right direction maintain the correct pressure
what is the right atrium and ventricle separated by
atrioventricular valve (tricuspid)
what is the left ventricle and atrium separated by
bicuspid valve
what is the right ventricle and pulmonary artery separated by
semilunar valve (pulmonary valve)
what is the left ventricle and aorta separated by
aortic valve
valves in the heart
- open when the pressure of blood behind them is greate than the pressure in front of them
how are valves attached to the heart walls by
valve tendons which prevent them from flipping inside out under high pressure
adaptation of left ventricle
- thicker muscle for strong contractoin to pump blood all the way around the body
ventricle
thicker walls that the atria to pump blood out of the hearrt
AV valves
prevent backflow of blood from ventricles into atria
SL valves
prevent backflow of blood from the aorta into the ventricles
what are the 2 blood vessels that bring blood into the heart
vena cava- from body
pulmonary vein- from lung
blood vessles that take blood away from heart
pulmonary artery- to the lungs
aorta- to the body
systole
contraction of the heart
diastole
relaxation of the heart
what happens to the volume of a heart chamber when its muscle contracts
volum decreases and chamber contracts
what happens to the volume of a heart chamber when its muscle relaxes
volume increases as the chamber relaxes
relationship between volume and pressure
volume decreases, pressure increases
what causes heart valves to open and close
pressure changes in different regions of the heart
what happens to the atrial walls during atrial systole
the walls of the atria contact
how does atrial systole affect atrial volume
atrial volume decreases
how does atrial systole affect atrial pressure
atrial pressure increases
how does atrial systole affect the ventricles
ventricle pressure and volume slightly increase as they receive blood
what phase are the ventricles in during atrial systole
ventricular diastole
what happens to the ventricular walls during ventricular systole
the walls of the ventricles contract
how does ventricular systole affect ventricular volume
ventricular volume decreases
how does ventricular systole affect ventricular pressure
ventricular pressure increases
what hapens to the atria during ventricular systole
atrial diastole and begin to fill with blood
what happens to the heart chambers during diastole
both ventricles and atria are relaxed
