Nucleic acids Flashcards
1
Q
types of nucleic acids
A
DNA
RNA
2
Q
monomers of nucleic acids
A
nucleotides
3
Q
nucleotide structure
A
- pentose sugar
- phosphate group
- nitrogenous base
4
Q
nitrogenous bases purines
A
adenine and guanine
5
Q
nitrogenous bases pyrimidines
A
cytosine, thymine and uracil
6
Q
DNA nucleotides
A
- deoxyribose sugar with hydrogen on second C
- phosphate group
- one of the 4 nitrogenous bases
7
Q
RNA nucleotides
A
- ribose sugar (OH on second)
- phosphate group
- one of the 4 nitrogenous bases
8
Q
difference between purines and pyrimidines
A
purines- double ring
pyrimidines- single ring
9
Q
how are nucleotides joined
A
via condensation reactions
10
Q
condensation reactions in nucleotides
A
between the phosphate group of one nucleotide and the pentose sugar of the other
11
Q
bond between 2 nucleotides
A
phosphodiester bond
12
Q
sugar-phosphate backbone
A
chain of alternating phosphate groups and pentose sugar
13
Q
DNA structure overview
A
double helix
monomers
14
Q
double helix
A
- 2 polynucleotide chains that twist around each other
- 2 strands are antiparallel to each other
- strands are held by hydrogen bonds according to the complementary base pairing
15
Q
monomers
A
DNA is made up of small units called nucleotides
