Nucleic acids Flashcards
types of nucleic acids
DNA
RNA
monomers of nucleic acids
nucleotides
nucleotide structure
- pentose sugar
- phosphate group
- nitrogenous base
nitrogenous bases purines
adenine and guanine
nitrogenous bases pyrimidines
cytosine, thymine and uracil
DNA nucleotides
- deoxyribose sugar with hydrogen on second C
- phosphate group
- one of the 4 nitrogenous bases
RNA nucleotides
- ribose sugar (OH on second)
- phosphate group
- one of the 4 nitrogenous bases
difference between purines and pyrimidines
purines- double ring
pyrimidines- single ring
how are nucleotides joined
via condensation reactions
condensation reactions in nucleotides
between the phosphate group of one nucleotide and the pentose sugar of the other
bond between 2 nucleotides
phosphodiester bond
sugar-phosphate backbone
chain of alternating phosphate groups and pentose sugar
DNA structure overview
double helix
monomers
double helix
- 2 polynucleotide chains that twist around each other
- 2 strands are antiparallel to each other
- strands are held by hydrogen bonds according to the complementary base pairing
monomers
DNA is made up of small units called nucleotides
types of RNA
messenger
transfer
ribosomal
RNA role
using information carried on the DNA in the nucleus to construct proteins in the ribosomes in the cytoplasm
differences of RNA structure to DNA
- 1 polynucleotide strand
- shorter in length
- contains ribose sugar
- contains uracil instead of thymine
similarities of RNA structure to DNA
- both polynucleotides
- made of monomers called nucleotides
- contain pentose sugar and a phosphate group
