carbohydrates

Question 1

structure of carbon atoms

Answer 1

• form covalent bonds with oxygen, nitorgen a sulfur
• bond to form straight chains
• form sub units such as monomers

Question 2

polymerisation

Answer 2

joining monomers to form polysaccharides

Question 3

3 types of carbohydrates

Answer 3

monosaccharides
disaccharies
polysaccharides

Question 4

monosaccharides

Answer 4

• simple carbohydrates
• sugars

Question 5

types of monosaccharies

Answer 5

triose eg. glyceraldehyde
pentose eg. ribose
hexose eg. glucose

Question 6

disaccharides

Answer 6

• two monosaccharides joined together

Question 7

what forms a disaccharides

Answer 7

condensation reaction

Question 8

condensation reaction

Answer 8

one or two molecules join together via the formation of a new chemical bond with a molecule of H20 being relased

Question 9

bond between 2 monosaccharides

Answer 9

glycosidic bond

Question 10

what forms polysaccharides

Answer 10

chain of monosaccharides joined by glycosidic bonds in condensation reaction

Question 11

what is the storage polysaccharide in plants

Answer 11

starch

Question 12

what is starch constructed of

Answer 12

amylose and amylopectin

Question 13

what is the storage polysaccharide of animals and fungi

Answer 13

glycogen

Question 14

one feature of glycogen

Answer 14

compact- much can be stored in a small space

Question 15

what has a high conc. of glycogen

Answer 15

liver and muscle cells, which enables high cellular respiration

Question 16

what type of sugar is glucose

Answer 16

hexose (6 carbons)

Question 17

structure of glucose

Answer 17

6 carbons, in a ring

Question 18

what are the 2 types of glucose

Answer 18

alpha and beta

Question 19

difference between alpha and beta glucose

Answer 19

Alpha has the hydrogen Above

Beta has the hydrogen Below

Question 20

functions of monosaccharides

Answer 20

store energy within their bonds, when the bonds break during respiration it gets released

Question 21

strucutre of glucose related to its function

Answer 21

soluble for it to be transported easily
- many covalent bonds to store energy

Question 22

how are disaccharides and polysaccharides formed

Answer 22

when 2 OH groups on different monosaccharides interact to form a strong covalent bond

Question 23

1,4- glycosidic bond

Answer 23

if the OH groups are located on carbon 1 on one monosaccharide and carbon 4 on the other

Question 24

1,6- glycosidic bond

Answer 24

carbon 1 of one monosaccharide and carbon 6 of the other

Question 25

how is a glycosidic bond broken

Answer 25

when water is added in a hydrolysis reaction

Question 26

structure of maltose

Answer 26

two glucose molecules linked by a 1,4- glycosidic bond

Question 27

strucutre of sucrose

Answer 27

glucose and fructose linked by a 1,2 glycosidic bond

Question 28

structure of lactose

Answer 28

glucose and galactose linked by a 1,4- glycosidic bond

Question 29

main function of dissacharides

Answer 29

provide the body with a quick-release source of energy

Question 30

why are dissacharides easily absorbed into bloodstream

Answer 30

made of sugar molecules easily broken down by enzymes

Question 31

why are dissacharides easily soluble in water

Answer 31

a large number of the hydroxyl group

Question 32

polysaccharides structure

Answer 32

branched or unbranches straight or coiled

Question 33

advantage of polysaccharides being branched

Answer 33

increases the rate at which the polysaccharide is broken down

Question 34

advantage of polysaccharide being straight

Answer 34

makes the molecules suitable for constructing cellular structure

Question 35

advantage of polysaccharide being coiled

Answer 35

makes the molecule more compact and suitable for storage

Question 36

why are starch and glycogen be useful for storage

Answer 36

- compact: large quantities stored - insoluble: no osmotic effect

Question 37

amylose

Answer 37

- unbranched helix chain - 1,4 glycosidic bond between alpha glucose molecules

Question 38

amylopectin

Answer 38

- branched molecule - 1,4 glycosidic bonds between alpha glucose molecules and 1,6 glycosidic bond

Question 39

advantage of amylopectin being branched

Answer 39

glucose molecules can be easily hydrolysed and used for cellular respiration

Question 40

glycogen structure

Answer 40

- highly branches - 1,4 and 1,6 glycosidic bond - compact

Question 41

why is glycogen more branched than amylopectin

Answer 41

- provides more terminal glucose molecules which can be added or removed by hydrolysis - allowed quick storage

Question 42

how are polysaccharides adapted to its function

Answer 42

- compact - insoluble

Question 43

where is starch stored

Answer 43

plastids

Question 44

plastids

Answer 44

membrane-bound organelles that can be found in plant cells