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MD2001 Week 4 > Structure of the Airway > Flashcards

Structure of the Airway Flashcards

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1
Q

What is respiration?

A

Providing oxygen to the body and removing carbon dioxide through inhalation and exhalation

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2
Q

How does your body inhale air?

A

The contraction and lowering of the diaphragm and raising the ribs

This creates an intra-thoracic pressure

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3
Q

How does your body exhale?

A

Decreasing the size of the thorax

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4
Q

What must happens to the air before it reaches the lungs?

A

It must be warmed, filtered and humidified

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5
Q

How is the air warmed, filtered etc?

A

By passing through vascular mucosa, cilia and mucus

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6
Q

Where are the nasal cavities found?

A

Above the oral cavity between the two orbits, posterior to the nose and anterior to the nasopharynx

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7
Q

Describe the respiratory epithelium?

A

At the beginning it pseudostratified, ciliated, columnar, interspersed with goblet cells

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8
Q

What is the nasal spetum?

A

A midline structure which separates the left and right nasal cavities

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9
Q

What is the septum made from?

A

Anteriorly- septal cartilage

Posteriorly- Bone

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10
Q

What are the boundaries of the nasal cavities?

A

Medial- nasal septum

Lateral- Nasal conchae

Floor- Hard and soft palate

Roof- Bone

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11
Q

Where is the sense of smell developed in the nose?

A

At the caudal end near the frontal bone

Lined by olfactory epithelium

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12
Q

Where is incoming air filtered, humidified and warmed in the nasal cavity?

A

Conchae

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13
Q

Where are the nasal conchae?

A

Lateral wall

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14
Q

How many nasal conchae are there?

A

Superior

Middle

Inferior

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15
Q

What does the structure of nasal conchae allow?

A

Larger surface area for heat exchange and turbulence

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16
Q

What are meati?

A

Space behind the nasal conchae

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17
Q

What are important for meati?

A

They are our entrance point for our sinuses

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18
Q

What is the clearance of the maxillary sinus dependent on?

A

Ciliary action

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19
Q

What happens if their is an infection in the sinuses?

A

Sinusitis

20
Q

What is the function of sinuses?

A

Voids that can warm air etc

Reduce weight of the head

21
Q

What is the nasolacrimal duct?

A

Drains excess material from your eyes

22
Q

What are the four sinuses?

A

Frontal

Ethmoidal

Maxillary

Sphenoidal

23
Q

Where is the olfactory bulb?

A

Cranial cavity

24
Q

What is the pharynx?

A

A tube of fibrous and muscular tissue which can be divided into 3 parts

25
Q

What are the three parts of the pharynx?

A

Nasopharynx

Oropharynx

Laryngopharynx

26
Q

What is the function of the nasopharynx?

A

Transports air

Divided from oropharynx by soft palate

27
Q

What is the function of oropharynx?

A

Transports air plus food and fluid

28
Q

Where does food travel?

A

From the oropharynx then to the laryngopharynx

29
Q

Where does air travel?

A

Either form nasopharynx or oropharynx to the larynx

30
Q

What stops the food or fluid entering the respiratory tract?

A

Epiglottis

31
Q

What is the cricothyroid membrane the site of?

A

Emergency access to the airway

32
Q

What do the aryepiglottic folds form?

A

Laryngeal inlet

33
Q

What closes the laryngeal inlet?

A

Elevation of the larynx which is lifted during swallowing

34
Q

What controls the laryngeal diameter?

A

The vocal folds

35
Q

What process are controlled by the vocal folds?

A

Speech

Coughing

Sneezing

Raising intra-abdominal pressure

Micturition

Defecation

Lifting heavy objects

36
Q

What is the space between the vocal chords called?

A

Rima glottidis

37
Q

What are the main functions of the muscles in the larynx?

A

Close/open the inlet

Close/open the rima glottides

Shortening/lengthen the vocal folds

38
Q

What is the only muscle that opens the rima glottides?

A

Posterior crico-arytenoid

39
Q

What is the function of the arytenoid cartilage?

A

Allow air to pass through vocal cords

Keep airway open through the larynx

Allows adjusting of tension for sound pitch

Aid in movement of the vocal cords

Allow tension or relaxation of the vocal folds

40
Q

What are the different cartilages of the larynx?

A

Epiglottic

Thyroid

Arytenoid

Cricoid

41
Q

What are the three nerves in the larynx?

A

Superior laryngeal nerve

Left recurrent laryngeal nerve

Right recurrent laryngeal nerve

42
Q

What does the superior laryngeal nerve innervate?

A

The area above the vocal cords

43
Q

What do the recurrent laryngeal nerves innervate?

A

The are below the vocal cords

44
Q

What is the position of the trachea?

A

In front of oesophagus

Medial to carotid arteries and internal jugular veins

Inferior to larynx

Thyroid gland surrounds the upper portion

45
Q

What does the trachea split into?

A

Right and left main bronchi

MD2001 Week 4 (10 decks)

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