Chronic Inflammation Flashcards
What does both repair and organisation and chronic inflammation lead to?
Fibrosis
What factors favour resolution?
Minimal cell death and tissue damage
Occurrence in an organ or tissue with regenerative capacity
Rapid destruction of casual agent
Rapid removal of fluid and debris by good local vascular damage
What is organisation?
Replacement of destroyed tissue by granulation tissue
What factors favour organisation?
Large amounts of fibrin
Substantial necrosis
Exudate and debris cannot be removed or discharges
What are classic signs of the body moving into chronic inflammation?
Development of capillary loops and macrophages
What is redness caused by in a burn?
Outgrowth of capillaries
What is the inflammatory exudate replaced with when moving into organisation?
Capillaries
Macrophages
Fibroblasts
Collagen
What regulates organisation?
TNF
Epidermal Growth Factor
FGF
What is a primary chronic inflammation?
A chronic response that did not develop from an acute inflammatory reponse
How can chronic inflammation develop?
Primary
Progression from acute inflammation
Recurrent episodes of acute inflammation
What are the 6 origins of primary chronic inflammation?
Resistance of infective agent to phagocytosis and intracellular killing
Foreign body reactions to endogenous materials
Foreign body reactions to exogenous materials
Autoimmune diseases
Unknown aetiology
Primary granulomatous diseases
Example of a disease that has resistance of infective agent to phagocytosis and intracellular killing
TB
Leprosy
Example of a disease that is caused by a foreign body reaction’s to endogenous materials
Chronic tophaceous gout
Example of a disease that is caused by a foreign body reaction’s to exogenous materials
Asbestos
Example of chronic inflammatory disease caused by an autoimmune reaction
Rheumatoid arthritis
Example of primary chronic inflammation with an unknown aetiology
Ulcerative colitis
Example of chronic inflammation caused by primary granulomatous disease
Sarcoidosis
What is sarcoidosis?
The build up inflammatory cells indicating a chronic response
What factors favour progression from acute to chronic inflammation?
Indigestible substances
Deep seated suppurative inflammation where drainage is delayed or inadequate
What causes suppurative inflammation to develop into chronic inflammation?
The thick abscess wall
Fibrous/ granulation tissue beginning to form
Pus becoming organised
Formation of fibrous scar
What is osteomyelitis?
Chronic abscess which is extremely difficult to eradicate
What is an example of a disease caused by recurrent episodes of acute inflammation?
Chronic cholecystitis
What is chronic cholecystitis?
Replacement of wall by fibrous tissue
What does chronic ulcer look like?
Mucosa breached
Base lined by granulation tissue
Fibrous tissue throughout muscle layers
What does chronic inflammation look like?
Chronic ulcer
Chronic abscess
Thickening of the all of a hollow viscus
Granulomatous inflammation
Fibrosis
What immune cells are common in chronic inflammation?
Plasma cell
Lymphocyte
Macrophage
Multinucleate giant cell
How do macrophages act as the immune cells?
Phagocytic
Produce a range of important cytokines
What is macrophage migration activated by?
Macrophage activation factor (MAF)
Migration inhibition factor (MIF)
How can pathogens counteract macrophages?
Be phagocytosed but adapt the internal environment so the pathogen can survive
What are macrophages released into the blood as?
Monocytes
What are macrophages called in the liver?
Kuppler cells
What are the causes of granulomatous disease?
Specific infections
Foreign bodies
Specific chemicals
Drugs
Unknown
What can granulomatous inflammation cause?
Caseous necrosis
Giant cells
What is granuloma?
Aggregrate of macrophage like cells
What is granulation?
Important healing process with small blood vessels and connective tissue
What is fibrin?
Deposited in acute inflammation
What is fibrous?
Typical scar tissue with collagen
