Structure Of DNA And RNA

Question 1

What are nucleotides composed of?

Answer 1

Three components: a pentose sugar, a nitrogen-containing organic base, and a phosphate group.

The pentose sugar can be deoxyribose (in DNA) or ribose (in RNA).

Question 2

What type of sugar is found in DNA nucleotides?

Answer 2

Deoxyribose.

Deoxyribose is a five-carbon sugar.

Question 3

What type of sugar is found in RNA nucleotides?

Answer 3

Ribose.

Ribose is also a five-carbon sugar but has one more hydroxyl group than deoxyribose.

Question 4

Which nitrogen-containing organic bases are found in DNA?

Answer 4

Adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), cytosine (C).

Uracil (U) substitutes thymine in RNA.

Question 5

Fill in the blank: Nucleotides are joined together through _______ reactions.

Answer 5

Condensation.

Condensation reactions result in the formation of covalent bonds between the components.

Question 6

What is a difference/similarities of the polynucleotide strand in DNA, mRNA and tRNA?

Answer 6

DNA-double
mRNA-single
tRNA-single

Question 7

What are the differences/similarities of synthesis between DNA, mRNA, tRNA?

Answer 7

DNA-replicated by parent DNA
mRNA-transcribed against DNA template
tRNA-transcribed against DNA template

Question 8

What are the differences/ similarities of the Penrose sugar in DNA,mRNA and tRNA?

Answer 8

DNA-deoxyribose
mRNA-ribose
tRNA-ribose

Question 9

What are the differences/ similarities in bases between DNA,mRNA and tRNA?

Answer 9

DNA-ATCG
mRNA-AUCG
tRNA-AUCG