Structure of a cell and its key components

Question 1

Phospholipid bilayer

Answer 1

A double layer of phospholipids in which the nonpolar fatty acid tails line up facing one another¸ and the polar phosphate head line up to face the water-containing environments of the cell.

Question 2

Cytoplasm

Answer 2

Region between the plasma membrane and the nuclear membrane that contains the cytosol¸ cytoskeleton¸ and organelles

Question 3

Nucleus

Answer 3

Control center of the cell; contains the cell’s DNA

Question 4

Nucleolus

Answer 4

Area within the nucleus tat is responsible for RNA and ribosome production

Question 5

Mitochondrion

Answer 5

Site of most of the cell’s ATP production

Question 6

Ribosome

Answer 6

Site of protein synthesis

Question 7

Peroxisome

Answer 7

Contains enzymes that detoxify chemicals such as hydrogen peroxide

Question 8

Smooth endoplasmc reticulum

Answer 8

Series of membrane-enclosed spaces; site of lipid and cholesterol synthesis and metabolism; drug and toxin detoxification

Question 9

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 9

Series of membrane-enclosed spaces; modifies proteins made by the ribosomes

Question 10

Golgi apparatus (or complex)

Answer 10

Group of membrane-bounded sacs; modifies and packages proteins for export or use in the cell

Question 11

Lysosome

Answer 11

Vesicular organelle that contains digestive enzymes that breakdown different substances within the cell

Question 12

Centriole

Answer 12

Paired organelles composed primarily of microtubules that appear to be microtubule organizing centers and are important in facilitating the assembly and disassembly of microtubules

Question 13

Cilia

Answer 13

Hairlike extensions from the plasma membrane that propel substances past the cell

Question 14

Flagella

Answer 14

Single extension from a cell that propels the cell itself

Question 15

Vesicle

Answer 15

Small¸ membrane-bounded structure that buds off the plasma membrane or another membrane-bounded structure