Structure and layout of brain areas Flashcards
What are the sulci and gyrus in the brain?
The sulci is a groove which separates lobes (furrows)
The gyrus is a ridge on the surface of the brain (hills)
What is the function of the frontal lobe?
Controls motor control at the superior
Controls language and personality at the inferior
What is the function of the parietal lobe?
Controls somatosensory (information that flows into the CNS from outside of our bodies)
What is the function of the occipital lobe?
Controls vision : colour, motion, light
What is the function of the temporal lobe?
Controls our memory and hearing
What does the central sulcus seperate?
Frontal and parietal lobes
What does the parieto-occipital sulcus seperate?
Parietal and occipital lobes
What does the lateral sulcus seperate?
Temporal lobe from frontal and parietal lobe
What does the transverse fissure do?
Separates cerebrum from cerebellum
What are the three parts of the brain stem?
Mid brain (cerebral aqueduct)
Pons (4th ventricle)
Medulla oblongata (4th ventricle, connects to spinal cord)
What is apart of the cerebral cortex?
Cerebrum
Grey matter
What is apart of the corpus callosum?
White matter (primarily consists of myelinated axons)
What is apart of the diencephalon?
Thalamus and hypothalamus
Where is the motor cortex and somatosensory cortex?
Motor : pre-central gyrus
Somatosensory : post central gyrus
What is the primary motor cortex organisation?
The pre central gyrus functions as the primary motor cortex, specific regions of the motor cortex controls specific regions of the body
What occurs in the corticospinal pathway?
Signal originates in the cortex and travels into spine
Upper motor neuron axon extends from motor cortex to spinal cord on opposite side and makes synapse on lower motor neuron
Lower motor neuron axon extends out of spinal cord into body and makes synapse on the skeletal muscle
What happens if there is damage to the primary motor cortex?
Muscle weakness and paralysis in region of body corresponding to the location of damage, opposite side
What is the primary somatosensory cortex organisation?
The post central gyrus functions as the primary somatosensory cortex, specific regions of the somatosensory cortex receive sensory information from specific regions of the body
What occurs in the dorsal column pathway?
(neuron 1)
Neuron 1: cell body in dorsal root ganglion, peripheral fibre from sensory receptor, central fibre goes to brain in dorsal columns and makes synapse on neuron 2 in medulla oblongata
What occurs in the dorsal column pathway?
(neuron 2)
Neuron 2: Cell body in medulla oblongata, axon crosses to opposite side and ascends, makes synapse on neuron #3 in thalamus
What occurs in the dorsal column pathway?
(neuron 3)
Neuron 3: cell body in thalamus, axon ascends to somatosensory cortex, makes a synapse on the cell body of a somatosensory cortex neuron
What happens if there is damage to the dorsal column pathway?
Cell in somatosensory cortex that receives information from dorsal column pathway dies
- ascending information has no where to go, no perception of touch
Commissural Tracts
Axons cross from side to side
Projection tracts
Axons extend between cortex and other CNS areas outside cerebrum
Association Tracts
Axons on same side within cerebral cortex
Communication between brain areas
