Linking innate and adaptive immunity Flashcards
How do immune cells communicate with each other?
Soluble molecules bind to receptors on a cell membrane
Cell surface bound receptors bind to cell surface bound ligand
Antigen is presented to cell surface bound receptors
How can T cells help B cells?
Once they have been activated they can make cytokines that bind to receptors on B cell membranes and have cell surface bound receptors that bind to a B cell surface bound ligand
What does the communication between T cells and dendritic cells lead to?
Activation of the B cell and helps the B cell to make antibodies
Immune cells communicate constantly and rely on each other to be fully activated
What is a cytokine receptor?
A specific receptor that cytokine will only bind to
Cells can have 100,000 different receptors on its cell surface
What happens at the chemokine receptor?
Chemokine binds
Only chemokine receptors can activate molecules that direct cell movement
Molecules follow a chemical trail to get to where they need to go
What happens in the nucleus of the cell after a receptor has binded?
Increase or decrease in gene transcription
When T cells bind to B cells how do they communicate?
They can communicate via receptor interaction and can send signals in either directions or both directions
Whichever way the signal is sent will alter cell shape
What is a dendritic cell?
Dendritic cells are phagocytic meaning they break down pathogens and can show different pieces of pathogens to T cells
They also activate T cells
What is an antigen
Anything that has the potential to be recognised by the immune system
What is a foreign antigen?
Anything from outside
e.g. pathogens, transplants, some chemicals
What is a self antigen?
Immune system usually (autoimmune diseases will have self reacting antigens) tolerant (no reaction) of self antigen
How do activated dendritic cells communicate with adaptive immune cells?
Make cytokines that bind to receptors on T cell membranes
Have cell surface bound receptors that bind to T cell surface bound ligand
Present antigen to cell surface bound receptors on T cells (pivotal for innate immune response activating adaptive immune response)
What is the MHC?
Major histocompatibility complex
Holds antigens out to the T cells
What is MHC-I?
MHC-1 presents endogenous (intracellular) antigen
Expressed on all nucleated cells - important as viruses can infect any cell
Useful to protect aganist virus and destroy cancer cells
What is MHC-II?
Presents exogenous (extra cellular) antigens expressed only on antigen presenting cells such as dendritic cells
Taken into cell from outside only expressed on phagocytic cells of the myelin lineage
