Structure and function of the heart

Question 1

What are the four chambers of the heart?

Answer 1

Right atrium,right ventricle, left atrium, left ventricle

Question 2

What does the right side of the heart do?

Answer 2

Collects deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs to collect oxygen

Question 3

What are the walls of the heart made of and what can they do?

Answer 3

Cardiac muscle that can contract continuously without causing fatigue

Question 4

What does deoxygenated blood returning from the body via the vena cava do?

Answer 4

Fills the atrium (during atrial diastole)

Question 5

What happens when there’s’ a build of pressure during atrial diastole?

Answer 5

It forces open the atrioventricular (AV) valve and blood flows into the right ventricle during ventricular diastole

Question 6

What does the right atrium do?

Answer 6

Contracts, forcing all the blood into the right ventricle (atrial systole)

Question 7

What happens when the right ventricle is full of blood?

Answer 7

The right ventricle muscular walls contract (ventricular systole), closing the AV valve and forcing the blood up through the semilunar valve and out through the pulmonary artery to the lungs

Question 8

What does the oxygenated blood returning from the lungs via the pulmonary veins do?

Answer 8

Fills the left atrium (during atrial diastole)

Question 9

What happens when there’s a build up of pressure during atrial diastole?

Answer 9

It forces open the atrioventricular valve and blood flows into the left ventricle. tHe atrium contracts forcing all the blood into the the ventricle (atrial systole)

Question 10

What happens when the left ventricles full of blood?

Answer 10

The left ventricles muscular walls contact (ventricular systole), closing the Av valve and forcing the blood up through the semilunar valve and out through the aorta to the body’s organs.

Question 11

What does the left side of the heart do?

Answer 11

Collects oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the body

Question 12

What are the AV and SL valves responsible for?

Answer 12

Heart sounds with a stethoscope

Question 13

What is cardiac output?

Answer 13

The volume of blood pumped out by either ventricle(out of heart) per minute

Question 14

What is stroke volume?

Answer 14

The volume of blood pumped out by either ventricle during one systole

Question 15

How to calculate cardiac output

Answer 15

C0=HRXSV

Question 16

What is the cardiac cycle?

Answer 16

Pattern of contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole) of the heart muscle in one complete heartbeat

Question 17

Where does the heartbeat originate from?

Answer 17

The heart itself

Question 18

Where is the sinoatrial node(SAN) situated?

Answer 18

In the wall of the right atrium

Question 19

What does the SAN ensure?

Answer 19

That both atria contract simultaneously by sending out electrical impulses that are carried through the muscular walls of the atria

Question 20

what sets the rate at which the cardiac muscle cells contract

Answer 20

SAN

Question 21

What controls the timing of cardiac cells contacting?

Answer 21

By the electrical impulse from SAN spreading through the atria to the atrioventricular node (AVN) and through the ventricles

Question 22

What does the electrical impulses generated in the heart produce?

Answer 22

Currents that can be detected by an electrocardiogram (ECG)

Question 23

Where does blood pressure change?

Answer 23

In the aorta during cardiac cycle

Question 24

How is blood pressure measured ?

Answer 24

By a sphygmomanometer

Question 25

What is a typical reading for blood pressure for a young adult?

Answer 25

120/70-80 mmHg

Question 26

Why is hypertension (high blood pressure) a problem?

Answer 26

A major risk factor for many diseases and conditions, including coronary heart disease and stokes