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Nervous system > Structure and function of the CNS 1 > Flashcards

Structure and function of the CNS 1 Flashcards

1
Q

2 sub divisions of the nervous system

A

Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

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2
Q

2 sub divisions of the CNS

A

Brain and spinal cord

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3
Q

2 sub divisions of the peripheral nervous system

A

Autonomic nervous system and peripheral nerves

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4
Q

Where is the mesencephalic flexure?

A

Mid brain

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5
Q

Where is the cervical flexure?

A

Junction between myelencephalon and spinal cord

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6
Q

Where is the pontine flexure?

A

Region of pons

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7
Q

Which is the largest part of the brain?

A

Cerebral hemisphere

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8
Q

What are the four lobes of the brain?

A

Frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital

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9
Q

What is grey matter in the brain?

A

Nerve cell bodies, outer layer of cerebral cortex

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10
Q

What is white matter in the brain?

A

Nerves located in inner layer

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11
Q

What are nuclei in brain?

A

Aggregates of nerve cell bodies contained within inner layer of cerebral cortex and brainstem

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12
Q

What is a nerve tract?

A

Collection of nerve fibre bundles serving a particular function, run within white matter

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13
Q

What is cerebral cortex?

A

Grey matter forming outer layer

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14
Q

What are gyre?

A

Convoluted ridges

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15
Q

What are sulci?

A

Furrows

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16
Q

Function of central sulcus

A

Divides motor area (front) and sensory (behind)

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17
Q

Function of calcarine sulcus

A

Separates two zones for visual information

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18
Q

Function of great longitudinal fissure

A

Incompletely separates left and right hemisphere

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19
Q

Function of cingulate salcus?

A

Splits parietal lobe from cingulate gyrus

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20
Q

Function of corpus callosum

A

White matter that holds two hemispheres together, found at depth of great longitudinal fissure

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21
Q

What is the deep layer of the brain?

A

White matter formed by axons from cells of cerebral cortex

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22
Q

What is the internal capsule?

A

The vast majority of the axons that pass between the cerebral cortex and subcortical structures form a condensed broad sheet of white matter called the internal capsule

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23
Q

Function of great longitudinal fissure

A

Incompletely separates two cerebral hemispheres

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24
Q

What are corona radiate?

A

Radiating fibres between internal capsule and cerebral cortex

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25
Q

What does cerebral cortex do?

A

Conscious awareness, thought, memory, intellect

High level for representation of motor system

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26
Q

Function of parietal lobe

A

Somatosensory (sensation)

27
Q

Function of occipital lobe

A

Vision

28
Q

Function of temporal lobe

A

Hearing

29
Q

Function of frontal lobe

A

Organisation of movements - primary motor, pre-motor and supplementary motor areas

30
Q

Symptoms of frontal lobe syndrome

A
  • Difficulty initiating behaviour
  • Inability to stop a behavioral pattern
  • Difficulties in planning and problem solving
  • Incapable of creative thinking
31
Q

Symptoms of apraxia

A

Difficulty with planning and performing motor activities

32
Q

Symptoms of agnosia

A
  • Also known as motor or non-fluent (expressive) aphasia
33
Q

Symptoms of aphasia

A

Difficulty with production and comprehension of language or speech, read and write

34
Q

Symptoms of amnesia

A

Also known as motor or non-fluent (expressive) aphasia

35
Q

What is Broca’s aphasia?

A

Can’t speak or write - not due to muscle impairment
Know what they want but can’t express
Stroke patients

36
Q

Which part of the brain does Broca’s aphasia affect?

A

Frontal lobe

37
Q

What is Wernicke’s aphasia?

A

Speech is fluent but loss of language comprehension - can’t produce meaningful speech

38
Q

Which part of the brain does Wernicke’s aphasia affect?

A

Left posterior superior temporal lobe

39
Q

What is hemispheric specialisation?

A

Majority of people have left hemisphere dominance for language, areas of association cortex in frontal, parietal and temporal lobes of left hemisphere are responsible for comprehension and expression of language

40
Q

What is the cortical homunculus?

A

Distorted representation of parts of the human body in the brain based on neurological map of the areas and proportions of the brain dedicated to processing of motor or sensory functions

41
Q

What is limbic lobe?

A

Lies on medial side of each hemisphere, consists of parts of frontal, parietal and temporal lobes

42
Q

What are the 3 major components of the limbic lobe?

A

Cingulate gyrus, mammillary body, hippocampus, amygdala

43
Q

Main function of limbic lobe

A

Instinctive and emotional aspect of behavior including motivation and memory (episodic, semantic and implicit)

44
Q

What are basal ganglia?

A

Collection of nuclear masses that lie within the cerebral hemispheres

45
Q

Prominent parts of basal ganglia

A

Caudate nucleus, putamen, globus pallidus

46
Q

Function of basal ganglia

A

Controlling movement and physical expression of behavior driven by affective and motivational state

47
Q

What is the diencephalon?

A

Basal ganglia and thalamus

48
Q

Where do the nuclei in the thalamus form connections with?

A

Cerebral cortex

49
Q

Which ventricular wall does the thalamus contribute to?

A

Lateral wall of third ventricle

50
Q

Where is thalamus?

A

Between brainstem and cerebral hemispheres

51
Q

Symptoms of thalamic lesions

A

Loss of sensation in contra-lateral face and limbs and thalamic pain (Dejerine-Roussy syndrome)

52
Q

Function of hypothalamus

A

Homeostatic mechanisms

Autonomic, neuroendocrine and limbric functions

53
Q

Which nervous system does the hypothalamus regulate?

A

Autonomic
Posterior = sympathetic
Anterior = parasympathetic

54
Q

What is a ventricle in the brain?

A

Communicating network of cavities filled with cerebrospinal fluid

55
Q

What does brainstem contain?

A

Nerve tracts of CNS

Nuclei

56
Q

What is decussation and where does it occur?

A

Nerve tracts crossover to opposite side

Brainstem

57
Q

3 centres found in medulla oblongata

A

Respiratory, cardiac and vasomotor

58
Q

What attaches brainstem to cerebellum?

A

cerebellar peduncles

59
Q

What are the dorsal columns?

A

Faciculus gracilis and nucleus gracilis & faciculus cuneatus and nucleus cuteatus

60
Q

What does the superior colliculus do?

A

Visual system

61
Q

What does the inferior colliculus do?

A

Auditory system

62
Q

Which ventricle does the brain stem bulb contribute to?

A

Floor of fourth

63
Q

What does the brain stem bulb act as the pyramid for?

A

Pyramidal tract or corticospinal tract

64
Q

What is the thalamus a gateway to?

A

Cerebral cortex

Nervous system (24 decks)

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