Regional function of the brain

Question 1

Function of central sulcus

Answer 1

Separates frontal from parietal lobe

Question 2

Function of Sylvia/lateral fissure

Answer 2

Separates frontal from temporal lobe

Question 3

What is a fissure?

Answer 3

A deep sulcus

Question 4

Function of Pareto-occipital sulcus

Answer 4

Separates parietal and occipital lobes

Question 5

What is the pre-central gyrus?

Answer 5

Primary motor cortex

Question 6

What is the post-central gyrus?

Answer 6

Primary somatosensory cortex

Question 7

Where is the primary auditory cortex?

Answer 7

Temporal lobe, near Sylvia fissure

Question 8

Where is the primary visual cortex?

Answer 8

Tip of occipital lobe

Question 9

Function of frontal lobe

Answer 9

Decision making, personality, planning, organisation, sequencing, behaviour, attention

Question 10

Function of corpus callous

Answer 10

Links L and R hemispheres of brain (allows communication)

Question 11

Function of fornix

Answer 11

Links medial temporal lobe , used for memory

Question 12

Function of parietal lobe

Answer 12

Spatial awareness, primary somatosensory cortex

Question 13

Function of occipital cortex

Answer 13

Object recognition

Question 14

Function of temporal lobes

Answer 14

Primary auditory cortex and memory

Question 15

Function of cerebellum

Answer 15

Motor coordination

Question 16

Function of brainstem

Answer 16

Breathing

Question 17

Causes of dysfunction of brain regions

Answer 17

• Stroke - delineates lesions
• Tumour
• Neurodegenerative condition - atrophy spreads, becoming messy
• Abscess
• Trauma

Question 18

What is the difference between aphasia and dysphasia?

Answer 18

Aphasia is complete loss of speech, dysphasia is partial

Question 19

How can the language network be damaged?

Answer 19

Stroke, neurodegeneration, head trauma, tumours, infection

Question 20

Symptoms of Wernicke’s aphasia

Answer 20

• Fluent, grammatical, prosodic
• Normally most people have left hemisphere specialization
• Prosody, pragmatics, emotional language specialised to RHS in most people
• Decreased comprehension
• Irrelevant and/or non words
• Decreased reading and writing
• Heart of Wernicke’s area bigger in LHS than RHS
• Normally appears in tempoparietal area

Question 21

Symptoms of Broca’s aphasia

Answer 21

• Single word comprehension and reading
• Difficulty expressing
• Short utterances
• Effortful and clumsy
• Repetition is impaired
• Grammar is impaired
• Damage tends to occur in frontal lobe

Question 22

Function of arcuate fasciculus

Answer 22

Links Broca and Wernicke’s areas

Question 23

What is non fluent/agrammatic aphasia?

Answer 23

Grammatical deficit (or speech apraxia) with preserved comprehension

Question 24

What is semantic aphasia?

Answer 24

Naming and comprehension deficits with preserved grammar and syntax

Question 25

What is logopenic aphasia?

Answer 25

Word finding difficulties and repetition (phonological working memory) - associated with Alzheimer’s

Question 26

Symptoms of dysarthria

Answer 26

Slurred speech, articulation, slow rate

Question 27

Damage - dysarthria

Answer 27

CNS or PNS (motor pathway, UMN or LMN< NMJ) -> weakness of muscles of jaws, lips, tongue, palate, vocal folds, respiratory muscles

Question 28

Symptoms of apraxia

Answer 28

Motor plan, prosody, intonation, speech sound errors

Question 29

Damage - apraxia

Answer 29

Motor movement and speech

Question 30

Symptoms of dysphonia

Answer 30

Weak/hoarse voice

Question 31

Damage - dysphonia

Answer 31

Physical disorder of mouth, tongue, throat or vocal cords

Question 32

Causes of speech disorder

Answer 32

• Stroke
• Neurodegeneration
• Head trauma
• Tumours
• Infection