Regional function of the brain Flashcards
Function of central sulcus
Separates frontal from parietal lobe
Function of Sylvia/lateral fissure
Separates frontal from temporal lobe
What is a fissure?
A deep sulcus
Function of Pareto-occipital sulcus
Separates parietal and occipital lobes
What is the pre-central gyrus?
Primary motor cortex
What is the post-central gyrus?
Primary somatosensory cortex
Where is the primary auditory cortex?
Temporal lobe, near Sylvia fissure
Where is the primary visual cortex?
Tip of occipital lobe
Function of frontal lobe
Decision making, personality, planning, organisation, sequencing, behaviour, attention
Function of corpus callous
Links L and R hemispheres of brain (allows communication)
Function of fornix
Links medial temporal lobe , used for memory
Function of parietal lobe
Spatial awareness, primary somatosensory cortex
Function of occipital cortex
Object recognition
Function of temporal lobes
Primary auditory cortex and memory
Function of cerebellum
Motor coordination
Function of brainstem
Breathing
Causes of dysfunction of brain regions
- Stroke - delineates lesions
- Tumour
- Neurodegenerative condition - atrophy spreads, becoming messy
- Abscess
- Trauma
What is the difference between aphasia and dysphasia?
Aphasia is complete loss of speech, dysphasia is partial
How can the language network be damaged?
Stroke, neurodegeneration, head trauma, tumours, infection
Symptoms of Wernicke’s aphasia
- Fluent, grammatical, prosodic
- Normally most people have left hemisphere specialization
- Prosody, pragmatics, emotional language specialised to RHS in most people
- Decreased comprehension
- Irrelevant and/or non words
- Decreased reading and writing
- Heart of Wernicke’s area bigger in LHS than RHS
- Normally appears in tempoparietal area
Symptoms of Broca’s aphasia
- Single word comprehension and reading
- Difficulty expressing
- Short utterances
- Effortful and clumsy
- Repetition is impaired
- Grammar is impaired
- Damage tends to occur in frontal lobe
Function of arcuate fasciculus
Links Broca and Wernicke’s areas
What is non fluent/agrammatic aphasia?
Grammatical deficit (or speech apraxia) with preserved comprehension
What is semantic aphasia?
Naming and comprehension deficits with preserved grammar and syntax
What is logopenic aphasia?
Word finding difficulties and repetition (phonological working memory) - associated with Alzheimer’s
Symptoms of dysarthria
Slurred speech, articulation, slow rate
Damage - dysarthria
CNS or PNS (motor pathway, UMN or LMN< NMJ) -> weakness of muscles of jaws, lips, tongue, palate, vocal folds, respiratory muscles
Symptoms of apraxia
Motor plan, prosody, intonation, speech sound errors
Damage - apraxia
Motor movement and speech
Symptoms of dysphonia
Weak/hoarse voice
Damage - dysphonia
Physical disorder of mouth, tongue, throat or vocal cords
Causes of speech disorder
- Stroke
- Neurodegeneration
- Head trauma
- Tumours
- Infection
