Structure and Function of the airway Flashcards
What type of branching are the lungs
Dichotomos branching
Electron microscope of Type 1 and 2 cells
How is respiration facilitated
Control of calibre
Protection and cleansing
Mechanical stability (cartilage)
How do conchae facilitate respiration
Highly vascular - warming and humidification
Nasal hairs filter out large particles
What lining cells are in airway
Ciliated, intermediated, brush, basal
What are contractile cells
Smooth muscle (airway, vasculature)
What are secretory cells in airway
Goblet (epitheliumm), mucous, serous (glands)
What are connective tissue in airway
Fibroblast, interstital cell (elastin, collagen, cartilage)
What are neuroendocrine cells
Nerves, ganglia, neuroendocrine cells, neruoepithelial bodies
What are vascular cells in airway
Endothelial, pericyte, plasma cell
What are immune cells in the airway
Mast cell, dendritic cells, lymphocyte, eosinophil, macrophage, neutrophil
What happens when water comes into contact with mucin globule
Expansion
Granules come to the apical surface
Open up on surface
Diagram of human bronchial gland
Serous cells secrete anti-bacterial enzymes - more watery
Mucous cells secrete mucus - more viscous
Gland secretes water and salts
How do the cilia move back and forth
Microtubules that slide over each other
What is the rhythm that cilia beat
Metachronal
Electron micrograph of mucus sitting on top of cilia
What is the function of the airway epithelium
Secretion of mucins, water and electrolytes
Movement of mucus by cilia - mucociliary clearance
Physical berrier
Production of regulatory and inflammatory mediators: NO, CO (via hemeoxygenase), prostaglandins, chemkines, cytokines, proteases
What is colour is the staining of the anti-NOS antibody
Brown
What happens during inflammaation of airway of smooth muscles
STRUCTURE: Hypertrophy (getting bigger), proliferation
TONE: Contraction and relaxation
SECRETION: Mediators, Cytokines, Chemokines
What is the blood flow to airway mucose
100-150mL/min/100g tissue
What are the different vascular structures in the bornchi
Aorta, intercostal arteries
Systemic veins
Bronchial and pulmonary veins
Image of subeptihelium microvascular network
Uses expoy resin to create it
What is the gas exchange between the airway tissues and blood
vasculatuture contributes to warm air, mudification of air
IClear inflammatory mediators
Clears inhaled drugs
Supplied airways tissue and lumen with inflammatory cells and proteinaceous plasma
Where are the neurotransmitters released
All along the bulbs
What is a type of protease in the airway
Neutrophil elastase
What are some respiratory diseases
Asthma - 5%
COPD - 4th cause of death
CF - lethal autosomal recessive gene
Airway inflammation, airway obstrucition, airway remodelling
What do Type 1 cells do
Facilitate gas exchange
What do Type 2 cells
Xenobiotic metabolism
Secrete surfactant
Replicate to replace Type 1
