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Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine > Respiratory mechanics > Flashcards

Respiratory mechanics Flashcards

1
Q

Diagram of the mechanics of ventilation

A
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2
Q

Whyn can’t you have a longer snorkel

A

There is more dead space and hard for you to receive oxygen

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3
Q

What is Boyle’s Law

A

Pgas = 1/Vgas

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4
Q

Why doesn’t resistance continue to increase as airways get smaller

A

Higher up, airways have differen structural support

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5
Q

Resistnace is inversely porpotional to what power of radius

A

4

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6
Q

What is conductance of the airways

A

Conductivity of the airways increases with increasing volume

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7
Q

Why are veins more compliant to stretch

A

Arteries have extensive smooth muscle to regulate diameters and resistance to blood flow

Veins and venules are highly compliant and act as a reservoir

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8
Q

Diagram of systemic circulation blood flow

A
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9
Q

Are smaller arteries and arterioles more resistance to flow

A

Yes

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10
Q

What is the formula for blood pressure

A

Cardiac output x resistance

Q x TPR

APPROXIMATION: right atrial pressure is negligible, rigid vessels, steady flow

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11
Q

How is regualtion of flow achieved

A

Variation in resistance in the vessels

Blood pressure remaisn relatively constant

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12
Q

What does resistance of a tube depend on

A

Fluid viscosity

Length of tube

Radius of tube

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13
Q

What is poiseuille’s equations

A

Halving the raidus decreases the flow 16 times

Small changes in vascular tone can produce large changes in flow

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14
Q

What is laminar flow

A

Velocity of the lfuid is constant

Blood flows fastest closet to the centre of the lumen

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15
Q

What is turbuluent flow

A

Blood flows erratically - forms eddys and prone to pooling

Associated pathophysiological changes to endothelial lining

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16
Q

Why can you hear the blood on a cuff

A

Slow deflation of cuff causes turbulent flow

Blood pressure measured on upper arm

17
Q

Why is our extrapulmonary airways supported with cartilage

A

Because otherwise the pressure acting on the airway is great than the pressure acting outwards

18
Q

What is compliance

A

The tendency to distort under pressure

Change in volume/ change in pressure

19
Q

What is elastance

A

Tendency to recoil to its original volume

change in pressure/ change in volume

20
Q

What happens once the aortic valve closes

A

Ventricular pressure falls rapidly but aortic pressure falls slowly

21
Q

Why happens to aorta diameter during systole

A

It increases

22
Q

What happens to aorta diameter during diastole

A

recoil of arteries generating blood flow

23
Q

What is the speed of blood in aorta

A

It enters faster than it leaves them

24
Q

If arterial compliance decrease. How woudl you expect blood pressure measurements to change

A

Systolic pressure goes up

Diastolic pressure goes down

Increase in pulse pressure

25
Q

How is venous return facilitated

A

Skeletal muscle pump

respiratory pump - diaphragm suction pressure

26
Q

What are varicose veins

A

incompetent valves causing dilated superficial veins

27
Q

What causes oedema in feet

A

Prolonged elevation of venous pressure

28
Q

What is aneurysmal disease

A

Vessel walls can weaken causing balloon like distension

Vascular aneurysms increase radius of the vessels

For the same internal pressure, the inward force exerted by the muscular wall must also increase

However the force needed cannot be produced by muscle fibres so aneurysm will rupture

29
Q

Why is there more ventilation in the base

A

Alveoli are smalle rand more compliant - more ventilation

30
Q

Why is there more perfusion in the base

A

Blood responds to gravity

Heart situated in the middle of the long

More recruitment, less resistance and higher flow rate

31
Q

What is the ideal spot for ventilation

A

Perfusion and ventilation are equal

32
Q

Different zones in the lung

A
33
Q

How would compliance and resistance be affected by chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

A

Increase compliance and increase resistance

34
Q

How much higher is venous compliance compared to arterial compliance

A

10 to 20 times greater

Cardiovascular and Respiratory Medicine (11 decks)

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