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CBL neuro > structure and function of somatosensory system > Flashcards

structure and function of somatosensory system Flashcards

1
Q

Ascending tracts

A

Carry info from pain, thermal, tactile, muscle and joint receptors to the cerebral cortex or cerebellum and brainstem

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2
Q

Is cerebral cortex unconscious or conscious

A

CONSCIOUS

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3
Q

Is cerebellym and brainstem conscious or unconscious

A

unconscious

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4
Q

2 tracts that conscious level info travels in

A
  1. dorsal column

2. anterolateral system tracts

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5
Q

Endings of Peripheral receptors - DORSAL COLUMN

A

Unencapsulated/free nerve endings

Modified/encapsulated endings

Proprioceptors

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6
Q

Free nerve endings of peripheral receptors

A

pain, temp, pressure

Merkels disk, hair follices, nociceptors

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7
Q

Modified/encapsulated endings of peripheral receptors

A

Pressure, touch, vibration, stretch, pain

Pacinian corpusles

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8
Q

Proprioreceptors - endings of peripheral receptors

A

Stretch, pressure, pain

Muscle spindles, golgi tendon organs

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9
Q

What makes up the dorsal column POSTERIOR

A

Gracile fasiculus MORE CENTRAL (lower limb

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10
Q

dorsal column Ascending tract ? first and secondary neurones

A

First order neurones synapse at gracile and cuneate

Syanpse on second order neurone in the medulla oblongata of the brain stem , CROSS OVER ( contralateral) as internal acuate fibers and ascend through brainstem as the medial leminus to the thyalamus

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11
Q

Thalamus

A

Located EITHER SIDE of the 3rd ventricle
Receive info via second order neurones
Integrates, modulates and relays info
Multiple nuceli

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12
Q

dorsal column 3rd order neurones

A

Syanpse in thalamus- at ventral posterior lateral nucelus – sensory motor cortex, travel via the posterior limb of internal capsule ( white matter tract)

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13
Q

Thalamus

A

Located EITHER SIDE of the 3rd ventricle
Receive info via second order neurones
Integrates, modulates and relays info
Multiple nuclei

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14
Q

Anterolateral system tract

A

SPINOTHALAMIC
ascending - sensory
Pain, temperature, light touch and pressure

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15
Q 
Polymodal nociceptors (pain)
ANTEROLATERAL
A

Respond to many different stimuli ( including tissue damage)
C fibre afferents- slow pain

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16
Q 
Mechanical nociceptors (pain)
ANTERIOLATERAL
A

Activated by high pressure, fast conducting A fibers - sharp pain

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17
Q

thermal (pain) nociceptors

A

Extreme heat and cold

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18
Q

2 classes of nociceptive fibers ( anterolateral ascending tract)

A

A delta fibers

C fibers

19
Q

A delta fibers

A

Small diameter, myelinated
Nociceptive specific- thermal or mechanical
Fast, sharp, well localised pain

20
Q

C fibers

A

Non myleinated
Nociceptive specific or polymodal
Dull, aching, burning pain

21
Q

A delta fibers

A

Small diameter, myelinated
Nociceptive specific- thermal or mechanical
Fast, sharp, well localized pain

22
Q

2 parts of the spinothalmic tracts

A

Direct tracts

Indirect tracts

23
Q

Direct tracts

A

Lateral spinothalmic tract - pain and temp

Anterior spinothalamic tract- crude touch and pressure

24
Q

Direct tracts

A

Lateral spinothalmic tract - pain and temp

Anterior spinothalamic tract- crude touch and pressure

25
Q

Indirect tracts

A

Spinothalamic

Modulate pain and can terminate in other brain regions
Spinorectular tract- reticular formation = CORTEX
Spinocerebellar tract- cereballar peduncles= CEREBELLUM
Spinotectal tract= orientates eyes and head towards stimulus

26
Q

Anterolateral system

Neurones

A

Axons from dorsal root ganglion enter and ascend/descend a few levels before synapsing in the SUBSTANTIA GELATINOSA

Second order neurones form the reflex arc or immediately decussate and ascend in spinothalamic tract
THROUHG BRAINSTEM
Distinct tract alongside medial lemniscus
Synapses in the VPL of the hypothalamus

27
Q

Spinorecticular tract

A

Send projections into reticular formations of brainstem
DULL ACHING PAIN
Alertness and arousal response to pain from reticular system

then to thalamus and cerebral cortex

28
Q

First second third order neurones anterolateral pressure pain and temp

A

first = posterior root ganglion
second =substantia gelatinosa
third = ventral posterlateral nucleus of thalamus

destination to posterior central gyrus

29
Q

Spinocerebellar tract

A

Anterolateral
Second order neurones from spinal cord that go straight to the cerebellum to help integrate info about pain into the whole system

30
Q

Sensory inputs - HEAD

pathway

A

Somatic sensation of face = trigeminal nerves , trigeminal ganglion

facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus cranial nerves

Synapse onto second order neurones in the ipsilateral trigeminal nucelus

Axons descussate and project in the trigeminal lemniscus to the ventral posterior medial ( vpm) nucleus of the thalamus
Fibers project to the sensory cortex ( parietal lobe)

31
Q

Trigeminal nerve nuceli - SENSORY NUCELI

A

Principle sensory nucleus - touch, pressure and conscious proprioception

Spinal nucleus- pain and termperature

Mesencephalic nucleus- non conscious proprioceptive info

32
Q

Motor nucleus- trigemial nerve nuceli

A

Innervates muscles of mastication

33
Q

Motor nucleus- trigemial nerve nuclei

A

Innervates muscles of mastication

34
Q

SENSORY from upper face, orbit and eye

A

Opthalmic

35
Q

Sensory from mid face, upper teeth

A

Maxillary

36
Q

Sensory from lower face, lower teeth

A

Mandibular

37
Q

Pain and temperature from face

A

Spinal nucelus

38
Q

Discriminative touch from face

A

Principle sensor nucleus

39
Q

Prioprioception from muscles of mastication - sensory from lower face, lower teeth

A

Mesencephalic nucelus

40
Q

Motor to muscles of mastication

A

Motor nucelus

41
Q

Homunclus ?

A

The cortical homunculus represents the importance of various parts of your body as seen by your brain
Distribution on cerebral cortex

42
Q

PAIN

A

Detected by primary nociceptors
pain afferent

Signal relayed through anterolateral tract

Input via thalamus- modulating, integrating

43
Q

Modulating perception of pain ASCENDING

A

Achieved by presynaptic inhibition

from touch or proprioceptive afferent - inhbit transmission of pain info through the spinal thalamic pathway

44
Q

Descending regulation of pain

A

Neurones from periventricular and periaqueductal grey matter project to the Raphe nuclei

Medullary neurones project to dorsal horns

Depress activity of nociceptive neurones

CBL neuro (9 decks)

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