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CBL neuro > functional orgainsation of the brain and spinal cord > Flashcards

functional orgainsation of the brain and spinal cord Flashcards

1
Q

Anterior name for brain

A

Rostal

FRONT

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2
Q

Posterior name for brain

A

Caudal

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3
Q

dorsal

A

top of brain

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4
Q

ventral

A

bottom of brain

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5
Q

Brainstem and spinal cord

A

Rostal at top and caudal at bottom

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6
Q

Functional divisions of brain (4)

A

Brainstem
Cerebellum
Dienephalon
Cerebrum

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7
Q

Brainstem

A

Medulla, pons, midbrain

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8
Q

Diencephalon

A

Thalamus and hypothalamus

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9
Q

Cerebrum

A

Cortex, amygdala, hippocampus, basal ganglia, white matter

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10
Q

Brain stem fibre tracts

A

sensory and motor functions via cranial nerves

sensory and motor function of body via spinal cord

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11
Q

Medulla function

A

CVS and respiratoyr control

Nuclei that relay info about taste, hearing, balance , control of neck and facial muscles

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12
Q

Pons function

A

Respiration, sleep, taste, bladder control, hearing, swallowing, taste, eye and facial movements, posture, facial sensation, nuclei that relay info about movement and sensation, major input to cerebellum

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13
Q

Midbrain function

A

Components of auditory and visual systems, auditory and visual reflexes

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14
Q

Pineal body of the brainstem

A

Regulation of the diurnal rhythms

Synthesise melatonin

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15
Q

Superior and inferior colliculi of the brainstem

A

Visual and auditory functions

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16
Q

Thalamus location

A

Alongside 3rd ventricle

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17
Q

Thalamus function

A

Essential for transfer of sesnsory info ( except olfaction)- nuclei in thalamus receive sensory info then relay to cortex

Gates and modulates sensory info

Involved in integration of motor control

Influences attention and consciousness

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18
Q

Cerebellum function

A

Maintaining posture, coordinating head and eye movements, fine tuning movements, motor learning

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19
Q

Hypothalamus function

A

Homeostasis and sexual reproduction
Growth, drinking, eating, maternal behaviors
Connected to pituitary gland =hormonal secretions

20
Q

Cerebrum functions

A

HIGHER functions

Perceptions, motor planning, cognition, emotion, memory

21
Q

Amygdala

A

Social behaviours and emotion

22
Q

Hippocampus

23
Q

Basal ganglia function

A

MOVEMENT control

24
Q

Axons - white matter

A

Carry info to and from cortex, between structures

25
Q

Lobes of the cortex

A

Frontal,parietal, temporal and occipital

26
Q

Sulci vs gyri

A 
Sulci = grooves 
Gyri= raised areas between grooves
27
Q

Central nervous system

A

Brain , spinal cord

28
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

Cranial nerves -12 pairs in periphery

Spinal nerves - 31 pairs in periphery

29
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Consists of sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions

2 neurone chain and ganglia

30
Q

Cerebral arteries distribution

A

Anterior - motor and sensory cortex of the lower limb
Middle - motor and sensory cortex of upper limb and face and auditory cortex
Posterior - whole of visual cortex

31
Q

What are watershed infarcts

A

Where territories overlap - arteries

Perfusion pressure too low - terminal branches loose supply

32
Q

Central sulcus

A

Frontal from parietal lobe division

33
Q

Cerebral cortex - 2 areas

A

Sensory cortex- somatosensory cortex, gustatory cortex, visual, olfactory, auditory , vestibular

FRONTAL LOBE =Motor cortex - supplementary motor cortex , primary motor cortex, premotor cortex

34
Q

Brodmanns areas of the cerebral cortex

A

Different numbers

Anatomical distinction - cell body, cell type etc

35
Q

How did we find out that different areas of the cereberal cortex have different functions

A 
Post mortems 
Experiements 
Taking out certain parts of the brain 
Learning  and memory - hippocampus new memories 
fMRI - wheres activity
36
Q

Anterograde amnesia

A

Inability to make new memories

37
Q

Somatomotor ns

A

1 somatic motor fiber

38
Q

2 main blood supplies into the brain

A

Common arotid- internal cartoid- middle cerebral- anterior cerebral artery
Vertebral arteries -along brainstem- basilar artery along pons
VENTRAL SURFACE of brain

39
Q

Middle cerebral artery

A

Lateral surface of frontal and parietal lobe

Occipital

40
Q

Atnerior cerebral artery

A

medial part Frontal and parietal part

41
Q

Posterior cerebral artery

A

MEDIAL PART Temporal lobe and occipital

42
Q

main symptoms of a stroke - FAST

A

Face dropped
Arms weak
Speech slurred
Time - dial 999

43
Q

2 types of strokes

A

Hemorrhagic- bleeding in brain

Ischemic( o2 deprived) brain tissue

44
Q

Common site of stroke

A

MIDDLE CEREBRAL ARTERY

controlateral - left side of brain = right side of body

45
Q

Limits of autoregulation of blood flow - above and below

A

BELOW- central blood flow decreases = ischaemic damage

ABOVE- intracranial pressure increases= oedema and crushigng of brain tissue, shifting of brain structures, restriction of blood flow and herniation

46
Q

Local blood flow

A

Increases very quickly after neuronal excitation
Glutamate release - acts of astroctes- increase in calcium- activation of nitric oxide synthase - release of NO - dilation of vessels

47
Q

Detecting changes in local blood flow

A

Functional MRI
Detect rapid changes
Changes in blood flow an alter the signal
Oxyhaemoglobin and deoxyhaemoglobin RATIO - react differently to magnetic flux

Can be used with vascular markers and contrasting agents eg gadolinium

CBL neuro (9 decks)

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