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Term 1 Test > Structure And Function Of Plasma Membranes > Flashcards

Structure And Function Of Plasma Membranes Flashcards

1
Q

Defines the cell, outlines the borders and determines the nature of its interaction with its environment

A

Plasma membrane

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2
Q

This model describes the plasma membranes structure as a mosaic of components and gives the membrane a fluid character

A

Fluid mosaic model

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3
Q

A molecule consisting of glycerol, two fatty acids and a phosphate-linked head group

A

Phospholipid

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4
Q

Consists of four fused carbon rings

A

Cholesterol

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5
Q

Carbohydrates on the exterior of a membrane attached to a protein is called

A

Glycoproteins

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6
Q

Carbohydrates on the exterior of a membrane attached to lipids is called

A

Glycolipids

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7
Q

Water hating molecules and tend to be non polar

A

Hydrophobic

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8
Q

Water loving molecules

A

Hydrophilic

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9
Q

Is “dual loving” and can be (-) or (+) as well as uncharged or non polar

A

Amphiphilic

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10
Q

Integrate completely into the membrane structure and interact with the phospholipid bilayers hydrophobic region

A

Intergral proteins

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11
Q

These proteins are on the membranes exterior and interior surfaces and is attached to either a integral protein or phospholipid

A

Peripheral protein

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12
Q

Third major plasma membrane component

A

Carbohydrates

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13
Q

Where is the phospholipid located

A

Main membrane fabric

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14
Q

Where is the cholesterol located

A

Attached between phospholipids and between the two phospholipid layers

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15
Q

Where are integral proteins located

A

Embedded within the phospholipid layers

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16
Q

Where are peripheral proteins located

A

On the phospholipid bilayers inner or outer surface(not embedded within the phospholipids)

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17
Q

Where are carbohydrates located

A

Generally attached to proteins on the outside membrane layer

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18
Q

This process decides if a substance can pass through the membrane or not

A

Selectively permeable

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19
Q

This process transports substances along the concentration gradient and does not require energy

A

Passive transport

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20
Q

This process transports substances against the concentration gradient and requires additional input of energy such as ATP

A

Active transport

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21
Q

Plasma membranes are…

A

Amphiphilic

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22
Q

True or false: polar substances can pass freely through the membrane

A

False because they have a charge meaning they require extra help to enter the membrane

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23
Q

This is a passive process of transport and expends no energy

A

Diffusion

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24
Q

What are some factors that affect the diffusion rate

A

Extent of the concentration gradient, mass of molecules diffusing, temperature, solvent density, solubility, surface area and distance travelled

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25
Q

What is something that can affect high blood pressure

A

Appearance of protein in the urine

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26
Q

This process diffuses materials across the plasma membrane with the help of membrane proteins

A

Facilitated transport

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27
Q

The integral proteins involved with facilitated transport

A

Transport proteins

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28
Q

These proteins have hydrophilic domains exposed to the intracellular and extracellular fluids

A

Channel proteins

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29
Q

Channel proteins that allow water to pass through the membrane at a high rate

A

Aquaporins

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30
Q

These proteins can be open at all times or “gated” which controls the channels opening

A

Channel proteins

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31
Q

This protein binds a substance and thus triggers a change of its own shape, moving the bound molecule from the cells outside to its interior depending on the gradient. These are also found embedded in the plasma membrane

A

Carrier proteins

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32
Q

The movement of water through a semipermeable membrane according to the waters concentration gradient across the membrane and is proportional to the solutes concentration

A

Osmosis

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33
Q

Moves from an area of high concentration to a low concentration

A

Water

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34
Q

An extracellular solution that can change a cells volume by affecting osmosis

A

Tonicity

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35
Q

A solutions total solute concentration

A

Osmolarity

36
Q

3 terms to relate to the cells osmolarity to the extracellular fluids osmolarity that contains the cells

A

Hypotonic, isotonic and hypertonic

37
Q

The extracellular fluid has lower osmolarity than the fluid inside the cell , and water enters the cell

A

Hypotonic

38
Q

Extracellular fluid has a higher osmolarity than the cells cytoplasm therefore contains less water

A

Hypertonic

39
Q

The extracellular fluid has the same osmolarity as the cell meaning no movement of water in or out of the cell

A

Isotonic

40
Q

If there is not enough osmolarity in a cell the cell will die

A

Yes

41
Q

When the cell membrane detaches from the wall and constricts the cytoplasm

A

Plasmolysis

42
Q

We call the combined concentration gradient and electrical charge that affects an ion..

A

Electrochemical gradient

43
Q

What do you need to move against the concentration gradient

A

Energy(ATP)

44
Q

What works against electrochemical gradients

A

Pumps

45
Q

What moves ions across a membrane and creates a difference in charge and is dependent on ATP

A

Primary active transport

46
Q

This does not require ATP this is the movement of material due to the electrochemical gradient

A

Secondary active transport

47
Q

Carries one specific ion or molecule

A

Uniporter

48
Q

Carries two different ions or molecules but in different directions

A

Antiporter

49
Q

Carries two different ions or molecules

A

Symporter

50
Q

Instrument that magnifies an object

A

Microscope

51
Q

This microscope uses a beam of electrons instead of a beam of light

A

Electron microscope

52
Q

This theory states that one or more cells comprise of all living things, it is the basic unit of life and new cells arise from existing cells

A

Cell theory

53
Q

Simple single celled organism that lacks a nucleus or any membrane bound organelle

A

Prokaryote

54
Q

This cell has a membrane bound nucleus, many membrane organelles and many rod-shaped chromosomes

A

Eukaryotic cell

55
Q

A phospholipid bilayer embedded with proteins that separate the internal contents of the cell

A

Plasma membrane

56
Q

Houses the cells DNA and directs the synthesis of ribosomes and proteins

A

Nucleus

57
Q

The cells entire region between the plasma membrane and the nuclear envelope and consists of 70-80% water

A

Cytoplasm

58
Q

Double membrane structure that constitutes the nucleus outermost portion

A

Nuclear envelope

59
Q

Semi solid fluid inside the nucleus where the chromatin and nucleolus are

A

Nucleoplasm

60
Q

Structures within the nucleus that are made of DNA

A

Chromosomes

61
Q

Unwound protein chromosome complexes

A

Chromatin

62
Q

Is the powerhouse of the cell for plant and animals and is responsible for making ATP

A

Mitochondria

63
Q

Responsible for protein synthesis

A

Ribosomes

64
Q

Small round organelles enclosed by single membranes that carry out oxidation reactions that break down amino and fatty acids

A

Peroxisomes

65
Q

Membrane bound sacs that function in storage and transport

A

Vesicles and vacuoles

66
Q

A microtubule organizing center found near the nuclei of animal cells

A

Centrosome

67
Q

This is the cells garbage disposal

A

Lysosomes

68
Q

Protects the plant cell

A

Cell wall

69
Q

Plant cell organelles that carry out photosynthesis

A

Chloroplasts

70
Q

Chloroplasts contain a green pigment which captures the light energy that carries out photosynthesis

A

Chlorophyll

71
Q

Regulates the cells concentration of water in changing environmental conditions

A

Central vacuole

72
Q

This organelle is the final destination where lipids and proteins go where they are sorted, packaged and tagged so that they are sent in the right place

A

Golgi apparatus

73
Q

These destroy pathogens using hydrolytic enzymes

A

Lysosomes

74
Q

3 types within the cytoskeleton

A

Microfilaments, intermediate filaments and microtubules

75
Q

Network of protein fibers

A

Cytoskeleton

76
Q

They are narrow and function in cellular movement

A

Microfilaments

77
Q

Provide some rigidity and shape to the cell

A

Microfilaments

78
Q

Have no role in cell movement, their function is purely structural by maintaining a cells shape and anchor the nucleus and other organelles in place

A

Intermediate filaments

79
Q

Small hollow tubes, they help resist compression, provide a track along which vesicles can pass freely and pull replicated chromosomes to opposite ends of a dividing cell

A

Microtubules

80
Q

Microtubules are also structural elements of…

A

Flagella, cilia and centrioles

81
Q

Long, hair like structures that enable an entire cell to move

A

Flagella

82
Q

Short, hair like structures that move entire cells or substances along the cells outer surface

A

Cilia

83
Q

Holds the cells together to form a tissue and allows the cells within to communicate with each other

A

Extracellular matrix

84
Q

Cells can also communicate using

A

Intercellular junctions

85
Q

Watertight seal between two adjacent animal cells

A

Tight junction

86
Q

Spot welds between adjacent epithelial cells

A

Desmosomes

87
Q

In animal cells and allow transporting ions, nutrients and other substances that enable cells to communicate

A

Gap junctions

Term 1 Test (4 decks)

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