Biological Macromolecules

Question 1

What are the 4 types of macromolecules

Answer 1

Carbs, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids

Question 2

Organic, and can contain hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and minor elements

Answer 2

Macromolecules

Question 3

Hydrogen of one monomer combined with hydroxyl group to release a water molecule

Answer 3

Dehydration synthesis

Question 4

Single subunits/building blocks

Answer 4

Monomers

Question 5

Monomers combining to each other to make

Answer 5

Polymers

Question 6

Polymers break down into monomers in a process called

Answer 6

Hydrolysis

Question 7

Is dehydration and hydrolysis catalyze or non catalyzed?

Answer 7

Catalyzed

Question 8

Has a ring structure

Answer 8

Steroids

Question 9

Four linked carbon rings, short tail and OH functional group

Answer 9

Steroid

Question 10

Has a similar structure to a carb

Answer 10

Steroid

Question 11

Precursor of bile salts which helps emulsify fats and subsequent absorption by cells

Answer 11

Cholesterol

Question 12

Structural, regulatory, contractile or protective. These molecules may serve in transport, storage or membranes and can be enzymes as well

Answer 12

Proteins

Question 13

Catalysts in reactions and are usually complex or conjugated proteins

Answer 13

Enzymes

Question 14

They help break down substrates, they help in break down, rearrangement or synthesis reactions. These catalysts also increase the reaction rate and are organic

Answer 14

Enzymes

Question 15

Chemical signalling molecules(small proteins or steroids) that control or regulate specific physiological processes such as growth, development, metabolism and reproduction

Answer 15

Hormones

Question 16

Help in food by catabolizing nutrients into monomeric units

Answer 16

Amylase,lipase,pepsin,trypsin

Question 17

Carry substances in the blood or lymph throughout the body

Answer 17

Hemoglobin and albumin

Question 18

Construct different structures, like the cytoskeleton

Answer 18

Actin, tubulin and keratin

Question 19

Coordinate different body systems activity

Answer 19

Insulin and thyroxine

Question 20

Protect the body from foreign pathogens

Answer 20

Immunoglobulins

Question 21

Effect muscle contraction

Answer 21

Actin and myosin

Question 22

Provide nourishment in early embryo development and the seedling

Answer 22

Albumin

Question 23

The shape is critical to its function, changes to temp, pH and exposure to chemicals can affect this macromolecule

Answer 23

Protein

Question 24

Monomers that comprise proteins

Answer 24

Amino acids

Question 25

Has a central carbon and a R-group

Answer 25

Amino acid

Question 26

How many amino acids are present in a protein

Answer 26

20

Question 27

The sequence and number of amino acids determine a proteins what

Answer 27

Shape, size and function

Question 28

The cytochrome is located in the..

Answer 28

Mitochondrion

Question 29

Proteins have 4 levels of structure known as

Answer 29

Primary, secondary tertiary and quaternary

Question 30

Has N and C terminus and is specifically peptide bonds

Answer 30

Primary

Question 31

X-helices + B-sheets and has lots of hydrogen bonding

Answer 31

Secondary

Question 32

Has a 3D fold, R-groups + backbone also contains h-bonds, vander waals, disfulfude bridges and ion dipole

Answer 32

Tertiary

Question 33

Like tertiary but composed of multiple sub units

Answer 33

Quantrenary

Question 34

Flexible, single bonds and can rotate on either side of the bond

Answer 34

Polypeptides

Question 35

Often reversible, and is when protein loses its shape without the primary sequence

Answer 35

Denaturation

Question 36

Receives assistance from chaperones and protein helpers, this process is crucial to a proteins function

Answer 36

Protein folding