Metabolism Flashcards
The concept of energy flow through living systems
Bioenergetics
All of the chemical reactions that transpire inside cells, including those that use and release energy are the cells what
Metabolism
Plants use the energy of sunlight to convert carbon dioxide gas into sugar molecules by a process called
Photosynthesis
Why do living things consider sugar as a main energy source
Sugar molecules have considerable energy stored within their bonds
The processes of making and breaking down sugar molecules
Metabolic pathways
The two types of metabolic pathways are
Anabolic(building) and catabolic(breaking down)
A pathway that requires energy to synthesize complex molecules from simpler ones
Anabolic pathway
The pathway that breaks down complex molecules into simpler ones
Catabolic pathway
Energy with objects in motion is called
Kinetic energy
Energy that is stored and then released later on
Potential energy
Provides living cells with energy from food
Chemical energy
Reactions that have a negative delta g and frequently release free energy is called
Exergonic reactions
Reactions that have a positive delta g and is known for energy storing molecules
Endergonic reactions
Minimum amount of energy to be provided for compounds to result in a chemical reaction
Activation energy
High energy state and needs a small amount of activation energy to reach it because with how unstable it is
Transition state
Study of energy and energy transfer involving physical matter
Thermodynamics
Powers majority of energy-requiring cellular reactions
ATP
Has three phosphate groups
ATP
Very unstable molecule
ATP
This molecule lowers the activation energy
ATP
The chemical reactants to which the enzyme binds to is the enzymes..
Substrate
The location within the enzyme where the substrate binds to is the enzymes..
Active site
True or false: there is a specifically matched enzyme for each substrate
True
A process that changes the substrates natural properties
Denature
True or false: enzymes are suited best with a certain pH range and temperature
True
This model explains the enzymes structure of its binding arrangement between the enzyme and the substrates transition state
Induced fit
What does an enzyme form when binding to a substrate
Enzyme substrate complex
Binds to an active site and can block the substrate from binding
An inhibitor
What is it called when an inhibitor molecule competes with a substrate for active site bonding
Competitive inhibition
This inhibitor binds to an enzyme in a location where their binding surface induced a conformational change that reduces the enzymes affinity for its substrate
Allosteric inhibition
Two types of helper molecules for enzymes
Cofactors and coenzymes
Inorganic ions that help enzymes
Cofactors
Organic helper molecules for enzymes
Coenzymes
This uses a reaction product to regulate its own further production
Feedback inhibition
Producing both amino acids and nucleotides is controlled by..
Feedback inhibition
What happens when there is too much ATP in a cell
It all goes to waste
