Structure and Function of Bone

Question 1

• What are the metabolic functions of bone?

Answer 1

Mineral storage, growth factor storage, fat storage, acid-base balance, detoxification

Question 2

• How does bone control phosphate metabolism?

Answer 2

Releases fibroblast growth factor-23

Question 3

• What is the function of osteocalcin?

Answer 3

Increases both the insulin secretion and sensitivity, increases the number of insulin-producing cells and reduces stores of fat

Question 4

• What does osteoblast stimulation lead to?

Answer 4

An increase in osteoid levels and inhibition of osteoclasts ability to break down osseous tissue (osteoblasts can also secrete cytokines that promote reabsorption of bone by stimulating osteoclast activity)

Question 5

• What inhibits the rate at which osteoclasts resorb bone?

Answer 5

Calcitonin and osteoprotegerin

Question 6

• What is contained within osteoid?

Answer 6

Collage type I, glycoproteins, proteoglycans & bone sialoproteins

Question 7

• What are the different types of bone?

Answer 7

Woven bone, lamellar bone, circumferential lamellar bone, osteonal bone – primary & secondary osteons

Question 8

• When are primary osteons formed?

Answer 8

During appositional bone growth

Question 9

• What is the difference between compact bone and cancellous bone?

Answer 9

Compact bone provides support to the body and acts as a mineral reservoir
Cancellous bone provides support to the stresses placed on bone and is the source of most blood vessels