Structure and Function Flashcards
Foramen magnum
The largest “hole” in the skull
Dura
The meninges that lies closest to the skill
What are the three types of brain slices?
- Horizontal (upper and lower sections)
- Corona (front and back sections)
- Sagittal (right and left hemispheres)
Term that means toward the front of the brain.
Anterior
Term that means toward the back of the brain.
Posterior
Term that means toward the top of the brain.
Superior
Term that means toward the bottom of the brain.
Inferior
The area of the brain that regulates reflexive, involuntary, and repetitive functions that sustain life.
Hindbrain
The hindbrain consists of what three structures?
Medulla, Pons, Cerebellum
The area of the brain that regulates body temperature, sleep-wake, and movement.
Midbrain
Superior colliculus
Orients vision
and visual tracking
Inferior colliculus
Relays all auditory
information
Reticular formation
Relays for limb
movement
Substantia nigra
Source of dopamine
50% of the total number of neurons are in this part of the brain.
Cerebellum
All sensory information flows through the thalamus with the exception of:
Olfaction
The forebrain is responsible for these three main functions.
Thinking, processing, and voluntary actions.
The limbic system supports regulation of these three functions.
Emotion, behavior, and motivation.
Damage to the optic nerve at the optic chiasm could result in loss of:
Peripheral vision
The occipital lobe is the only lobe with a singular function. What is the function?
Visual processing
Dorsal is the pathway for:
Where
Ventral is the pathway for:
What
Cortical blindness is caused by:
Damage to the occipital lobe.
Main functions of the parietal lobe include:
Sensory and proprioception, visual-spatial (right hemisphere), language and reading (left hemisphere)
A person with damage to the parietal lobe may experience:
Difficulty navigating using maps, finger localization, sensing touch
Main functions of the temporal lobe include:
Auditory processing, memory, language, and emotional reactions and processing
A person with damage to the temporal lobe may experience:
Difficulty recognizing auditory sounds. Left hemisphere: impaired memory for verbal material. Right hemisphere: impaired memory for non-verbal material.
Prosopagnosia
Difficulty recognizing faces
Main functions of the frontal lobe include:
Motor coordination and planning, expressive language, saccadic eye movements, attention, judgment, planning, personality
Wernicke’s Area is responsible for:
Receptive language, understanding of language (strategy to remember: Wernicke = What? I don’t understand you.)
Wernicke’s Area is located in what lobe?
Temporal
Broca’s Area is responsible for:
Speech production and articulation; expressive language (strategy to remember: Broca is similar to boca in Spanish which means mouth)
Broca’s Area is located in what lobe?
Frontal
Ventricular System
Produces, transports, and makes cerebrospinal fluid
Direct impact injury
aka Blunt Trauma, an injury caused by a direct, forceful blow or external force to the brain; occurs in sports, physical attacks, and other outdoor activities
Acceleration-deceleration injury
aka Whiplash, when the brain is is quickly thrust forward and then backward, such as in a car accident.
Blast injury
caused by the shock waves from an explosion that transmit energy into the brain
The brain forms myelin in which direction?
Back to front
What is critical for removal of toxins in the brain?
Sleep
Brain injury can result in disruption to these three functions:
Physical structures, chemical balance, electrical balance
