Neuropsych Terms Flashcards
Anosmia
Impaired sense of smell
Proprioception
The unconscious awareness of sensations coming from one’s muscles and joints that helps regulate our position in three dimensional space 
Visual agnosia
Inability to recognize visual stimuli
Auditory agnosia
Inability to recognize auditory stimuli
Apraxia
Inability to plan and execute a learned, voluntary movement smoothly, not due to muscle weakness, or failure to understand directions
Ataxia
Incoordination of movement, usually due to disease of sensory or cerebellar pathways
Graphomotor apraxia
Inability to draw and write despite normal capacity to hold a writing instrument
Prosopagnosia
Impaired face recognition
Simultanagnosia
Impaired recognition of the meaning of whole pictures or objects, but intact ability to describe the parts of the pictures/objects
Anterograde amnesia
The inability to learn and recall new information
Retrograde amnesia
The inability to recall information that was previously learned or stored.
Broca’s aphasia
An expressive disorder with slow, laborious, and nonfluent speech. Comprehends speech much better than producing it.
Apraxia of speech
Impairment in the ability to program movements of the lips, tongue, and throat for the production of speech.
Wernicke’s aphasia
Receptive disorder, with poor speech comprehension and fluent but meaningless speech.
Anomia
Inability to find the correct word or name objects
Aphasia
Impairment of some aspect of language, not due to deficits in speech or hearing organs, but due to brain impairment.
Circumlocution
Discourse that begins with a specific subject, wanders to various other subjects, and then returns to the original topic.
Using more words than necessary to express an idea.
Dysarthria
Difficulty with pronunciation due to weakness or poor coordination of the muscles of lips, tongue, jaw, etc.
Dysnomia
Difficulty finding the correct word 
Dysphonetic dyslexia
Difficulty with reading because of poor phonological skills. Having an over reliance on visual cues.
Surface dyslexia
Poor reading because of difficulty, recognizing symbols of language. Having an overreliance on auditory cues. 
Mixed dyslexia
Poor reading because of an overreliance on semantic cues. Auditory and visual processing of reading is impaired.
Deep dyslexia (aka Semantic dyslexia)
Reliance on visual and semantic cues. Reading abstract words is difficult because of impaired phonological processing. Semantic errors are the hallmark of this disorder. 
Dysphonetic dysgraphia
Writing disorder in which the person cannot sound out words and write them phonetically. 
Surface dysgraphia
A writing disorder in which the person can spell regularly spelled words, but not irregularly spelled ones.
Mixed dysgraphia
A writing disorder, characterized by the inability to sequence letters, accurately in words, the inability to recall letter formations properly, and inconsistent spelling skills. 
Executive dysgraphia
Characterized by poor organization and planning skills, lack of attention to proper grammar and syntax, poor elaboration of details in writing, etc.
Graphomotor dysgraphia
A wide variety of motor skills deficit involved in planning, organization, guidance, and automaticity of motor movements that physically transcribe thoughts and ideas onto paper.
Procedural dyscalculia
Involves poor strategy or algorithm use, slow computational speed, frequent calculation errors
Verbal dyscalculia
Disorder of the verbal representation of numbers and the inability to use language-based procedures to assist in math fact retrieval skills 
Semantic dyscalculia
Poor number-symbol association, and math fact automaticity. Poor quantitative reasoning, difficult difficulties with symbolic, and non-symbolic representation of numbers, poor, visual, spatial skills, and executive dysfunctions.
