Structure and bonding

Question 1

What are the 4 atomic numbers called?

Answer 1

1. principle quantum number (n) 2. impulse quantum number (l) 3. magnetic quantum number (m) 4. spin quantum number (s)

Question 2

What does the principle quantum number determine?

Answer 2

energy level/shell

Question 3

What does the impulse quantum number determine?

Answer 3

shape (l: 0,…, n-1)

Question 4

What does the magnetic quantum number determine?

Answer 4

determines orientation

Question 5

How is dipole moment calculated?

Answer 5

m = e * d (e) : magnitude of the charge on the atom (d) : distance between the two charges

Question 6

What is a sigma overlap?

Answer 6

centrosymmetric with largest electron density between the nuclei in axis

Question 7

What kind of bonding does a end on end overlap of p-orbitals give?

Answer 7

sigma

Question 8

What kind of bonding does a side to side overlap of p-orbitals give?

Answer 8

pi bonding

Question 9

What is a paramagnetic molecule?

Answer 9

has unpaired electrons

Question 10

How can the structure of CH4 be explained?

Answer 10

Can be explained through the hyberdization of the 2s and 2p orbitals of carbon

1. Promotion: each orbital has 1 unpaired electron
2. Hybridization: recombination of all orbitals

This explains the 4 equivalent bonds

Question 11

What kind of hybridization does BH3 have?

Answer 11

sp² and an empty p orbital

Question 12

Draw the orbital structure of Ethene

Answer 12

C2H4 (3 sp2 and 1 empty p orbital on each carbon for pi bonding/double bond)

Question 13

Construct MOs for O2

Answer 13

Question 14

What are examples of weak interactions?

Answer 14

Intermolecular bonding

• hydrogen bonding
• dipole dipole

Question 15

what are the 4 different types of drawing organic structures?

Answer 15

• condensed
• old style
• zig zag
• line angle formula

Question 16

draw 2-pentene in condensed structure and line angle formula

Answer 16

Question 17

What is a functional group?

Answer 17

a heteroatom or a group of atoms that replace hydrogen atoms

Question 18

What is a saturated compound?

Answer 18

Contains only sigma bond (hydrogen bonds all fulfilled/no kink)

Question 19

As the hydrocarbonchain increases, the b.p.?

Answer 19

increases

Question 20

As molecular weight increases, b.p.?

Answer 20

B.P. increases

Question 21

As hydrocarbon branching increases, b.p.?

Answer 21

b.p. decreases

Question 22

As hydrogen bonding increases, boiling point?

Answer 22

increases

Question 23

as dipole moment increases, b.p.?

Answer 23

b.p. increases

Question 24

As halogen size increases, b.p.?

Answer 24

b.p. increases

Question 25

Do cycloalkanes have higher b.p. acyclic?

Answer 25

Yes. Its about 10-20 Celicius higher