Nomenclature Flashcards
1
Q
What is an unsaturated compound?
A
containting at least one pi bond
2
Q
What is an acyclic compound?
A
linear, more or less branched scaffold
3
Q
The functional group with the highest priority, will it be given as a suffix or prefix?
A
Suffix = functional group with highest priority
4
Q
In what order do the prefixes go?
A
alphabetical order
- remember that multiplies (di, tri, tetra, …) are not considered for the alphabetical order
5
Q
What is the suffix called when an alkane is the parent system?
A
suffix: -ane
6
Q
If alkane group is not parent system, what is the prefix?
A
Prefix: -yl
7
Q
What is this structure called?
A
3-methyl -4-propylheptane
8
Q
do cyclic or acyclic have priority?
A
cyclic > acyclic
9
Q
Name these structures
A
- cyclopropane
- cyclobutane
- cyclopentane
- cycloheaxane
10
Q
Name this structure
A
Hexylcyclohexane
11
Q
What rules must you think about when writing the prefixes of substituents
A
- alphabetical order
- lowest set of numbers used
- sidechain substituent in brackets
12
Q
Name this structure
A
2,2,4-trimethylpentane
13
Q
Name of a 3 carbon chain group
A
propyl
14
Q
Name of a 4 carbon chain group
A
butyl
15
Q
Name of a 5 carbon chain group
A
pentyl
16
Q
Name of a 6 carbon chain group
A
hexyl
17
Q
Name of a 7 carbon chain group
A
heptyl
18
Q
Name of a 8 carbon chain group
A
octyl
19
Q
Name of a 9 carbon chain group
A
nonyl
20
Q
Name of a 10 carbon chain group
A
decyl
21
Q
Is this abbreviation allowed?
A
Yes. methanol/ethanol can be abbreviated at the end of chains(to look nicer)
22
Q
Is this abbreviation allowed?
A
No, we can only abbreviate alkanes at the end of chains
23
Q
Name this structure
A
5-(2-methylpropyl)decane
24
Q
What are structural isomers?
A
molecules with the same molecular formula, but are structuarlly ordered/bonded differently
25
Name the structure and its trivial name
2-methylpentane
iso**hex**ane
26
Give the systametic name and the trivial name
2,2 dimethylbutane
neo**hex**ane
27
What is this group called?
sec-butyl group
28
What is this group called?
isobutyl group (primary carbon)
29
What are alkenes?
have at least one double bond - unsaturated compound
30
What is the suffix for an alkene parent system?
-ene
31
If there is both an unsaturated chain and a saturated chain, which one is preferred for the parent system?
the unsaturared or ring has priority
32
Name this system
(E)-4-propyloct-2-ene
33
Is the system trans or cis, if it is Z
Z - zusammen
cis
34
what is assumed about the position of a double bond if we just write butene for example without the number?
double bond is at C1
35
If an alkene group is not the parent system, what is the prefix?
-enyl
36
Name this system
(E)-prop-1-enylcyclohexane
37
Name this system
3-methyleneheptane
38
Name this system
isoprene
39
What is an allylic carbon?
a carbon attached to a carbon that is in a double bond
40
label the Allylic and vinyl carbons
41
Give systematic and common (trivial) name
chloroethene
vinyl chloride
42
Give systematic and trivial name of this
3-bromopropene
alyll bromide
43
If a triple bond is in the parent chain, what is its suffix?
-yne
44
Name this structure
pent-2-yne /2-pentyne
45
Name this structure
2-ethylhex-1-yne
46
What does acetylene look like?
47
What does ethylacetyne look like?
butyne
48
if there is a triple bond that is not the parent system, what is the prefix?
**-ynyl**
49
Name this group
propargyl group (eg. propargyl bromide)
50
What does fused mean?
at least 2 cycles share one bond(bridge C numbered 1
51
what is the prefix/sufix of a fused compound?
**prefix:** bicyclic
52
Name thís
bicyclo[4.4.0]decane
53
Name this
bicyclo[4.2.0]octane
54
What a compound named if 2 cycles share more than one bond?
bridged bicyclic
55
Name this
bicyclo[2.3.1]octane
56
Name this
1-methylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptane
57
What is a polycyclic compound called, where 2 cycles share one atom?
spiro (this is also the prefix)
58
Name this
(Start from the right cycle because it gives lowest numbering of methyl)
2-methylspiro[4.5] decane
59
Name this group
Prefix: phenyl
60
What is this group called?
Napthyl-
61
Number the carbons
62
Name this and number the carbons
63
Name this structure and number the carbons
phenantrene
64
Name this
biphenyl
Prefix: biphenylyl
65
How is a partially saturated ring system indicated?
Through the sp3 center with Prefix H-
66
Name this compound
1 H-indene
67
Name this
4H-indene
68
What makes a compound aromatic?
Must follow Huckel's rule:
4n+2 = pi electrons (carbons)
69
Name these aromatic compound
* bromobenzene
* chlorobenzene
* nitrobenzene
* ethylbenzene
70
What is the trivial name of this compound?
toluene
71
What is the trvial name of this compound?
phenol
72
What is the trivial name of this compound
aniline
73
Name the trivial name
Benzensulfonic acid
74
In disubstituited compounds, how is the substituition patter indicated?
* ortho (1,2)
* meta (1,3)
* para (1,4)
75
Name this (indicating the substituition pattern)
***ortho* - dibromobenzene**
1,2 -dibromobenzene
76
Name this (trivial name)
o-xylene
77
Name this (trvial name)
m-xylene
78
Name this (trivial name)
p-xylene
79
What is the **prefix** for condensed (fused) cyclic systems?
-**eno**
80
What types of unsaturated cyclic compounds?
- condensed (fused) systems
- partially hydrogenated ring system
81
What is a condensed (fused) cyclic system?
There is at least one double bond shared between cyclic systems
82
How are the fused bonds of an unsaturated cyclic parents system indicated?
* fused bonds of parent system is given by letters
(bond between C1 and C2 = a)
* fused bond of second ring is indicated by shared carbons that are included in the bond
83
Name this
indeno[2.1-a] fluorene
84
How are partially hydrogenated ring systems named?
* number of hydrogenated, double bonds indicated by: dihydro, tetrahydro,...
* perhydro = all double bonds hydrogenated
85
Name this
1,2,3,4-tetrahydronapthalene
| (trivial: tetraline)
86
Name this
decahydronaphtalene
87
Name this
* cycloprop-1-ene
* ethyl (first order) (alphabet)
* methyl
* vinyl
## Footnote
**1-ethyl-3-methyl-2-vinylcycloprop-1-ene**
88
Name this
* bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene
* 2-pent-1-enyl
* 2-vinyl
## Footnote
**(E)-2-(2-vinylpent-1-enyl)bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene**
89
Name this
* methyl
* triple bond has highest priority (so must be at the end)
## Footnote
**3-methylhex-1-en-5-yne**
90
Name this
* methyl
* naphtalene
* phene
* ethyl
## Footnote
**7-methyl-1-phen-2-ethylnapthalene**
91
Name this
* 1,4 pentadiene
* methyl
* bis cyclopropanemethyl
* cyclobutyl
* dimethyl
## Footnote
**2,4 - (dimethylcyclobutyl)-3-(bis-(cyclopropylmethyl)-methyl)-1,4-pentadiene**
92
What are these examples of?
Partially hydrogenated heterocycles
93
What is this
2-pyrroline
94
Name this
pyrrolidine
95
96
Name this
tetrahydrothiphene
97
What is this called?
piperidine
98
What is this called
pyrane
99
Name this
oxazole
100
What is the systematic approach to name heterocycles? (via Hantzsch- Widmann nomenclature)
* identity of the heteroatom
* position donated by the ring atom
* ring size described by suffixes
101
Prefix of a heterocycle with oxygen
**Oxo-**
102
What is the prefix of heterocycle that contains sulfur?
**Thia-**
103
Prefix of a heterocycle containing nitrogen
**Aza-**
104
**Suffix**
Ring Size: 3
**Unsaturated:** -irene
**Unsaturated Nitrogen:** - irine
**Saturated: -** irane
**Saturated Nitrogen:** - iridine
105
Suffix
Ring Size: 4
**Unsaturated: -ete**
**Saturated: -** etane
**Saturated with Nitrogen:** etidine
106
Suffix
Ring Size: 5
**Unsaturated:** - ole
**Saturated: -** olane
**Saturated Nitrogen:** - olidine
107
Suffix
Ring Size: 6
**Unsaturated:** -ine
**Saturated: -** inane (-ane)
108
Suffix
Ring Size: 7
**Unsaturated:** -epine
**Saturated:** - epane
109
Suffix of Heterocycle size 8
**Unsaturated: -** ocine
**Saturated:** - ocane
110
Suffix of Heterocycle size 9
**Unsaturated:** -onine
**Saturated:** -onane
111
Suffix of Heterocycle size 10
**Unsaturated: -** ecine
**saturated: -**ecane
112
Suffixes of **Unsaturated** heterocycle rings
1. 2. 3. - irene
4. - ete
5. - ole
6. - ine
7. - epine
8. - ocine
9. - onine
10. - ecine
113
Suffixes of **Saturated** heterocycles
3. - irane
4. - etane
5. - olane
6. - inane (-ane)
7. - epane
8. - ocane
9. - onane
10. - ecane
114
Suffixes of **Saturated** Heterocycles with **Nitrogen**
3. - iridine
4. - etidine
5. - olidine
115
Name this
aziridine
116
Name this
1,2-oxazetidine
117
Name this
thiazolidine
118
Name this
1,4-dioxine
119
Name this
1,4 - dioxane
120
Naming heterocyclic compounds via substuition nomenclature
* elemental prefix followed by carbocyclic name
* well suitable for spital and fused cycles
121
Name this (hint: substituition nomenclature)
1-thiaspiro[4.4]nonane
122
Name this (hint: substituition nomenclature)
1-borabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane
123
What functional group has the highest priority?
Carboxylic acid
124
List anhydride, ester and sulfonic acid in priority order
1. sulfonic acid
2. anhydride
3. ester
125
Do esters or acidhalids have more priority?
esters
126
Priority: nitrile, amide, aldehyde
amide, nitrile, aldehyde
127
Aldehyde or ketone more priority?
aldehyde
128
alcohol or ketone, higher priority?
ketone
129
alcohol or thiol, priority?
alcohol
130
List thiol, amine, alkane, alkene and alkyne in priorty
1. thiol
2. amine
3. alkene
4. alkyne
5. alkane
131
what has the highest priority, alkanes, halides or ether?
1. alkanes
2. ethers
3. halides
132
Carboxylic acid as lowest priorty of system
prefix: **carboxy-**
133
Carboxylic acid as highest priority in a system
Suffix: - **oic acid/ carboxylic acid (+ 1C)**
134
Draw oxalic acid
135
Draw Malonic acid
136
Draw succinic acid
137
What is the prefix/suffix for esters
**prefix:** alkoxycarbonyl-
**suffix:** alkyl- ...-oate/ alkyl-...-carboxylate
138
Draw the functional group of an ester
139
Name this
phenyl propanoate
140
Name this
methyl 3-bromopropanoate
141
What are **lactones?**
cyclic esters
142
Name this (IUPAC and trivial)
* **IUPAC:** 2-oxycyclopentanone
* trivial: gamma-butyrolactone
143
Name this (lactone)
* **IUPAC:** 3-methyl-2-oxycyclohexanone
* **trivial:** delta -caprolactone
144
Prefix/suffix of amide
**PRefix:** amino-oxo-/ amido- /carbamoyl- (+1 C)
**Suffix:** -amide/ -carboxamide (+1C)
145
Draw a primary, secondary and tertiary amide group
146
Name this
**IUPAC:** benzenecarboxamide
**trivial:** benzamide
147
Name this
4-carbamoylbenzoic acid
148
What are lactames?
cyclic amides
149
Name this
**IUPAC:** 2 - azacyclohexanone
**trivial:** δ-valerolactam
150
Prefix/suffix of nitriles
**prefix:** cyano
**suffix:** -nitrile
151
Draw the functional group of nitriles
152
What is an anhydride?
153
Suffix of an anhydride
**-oic anhydride**
just suffix
154
Name trivial name of this
acetic anhydride
155
Draw functional group of carboxylic acid halides
156
Suffix/Prefix of carboxylic acid halides
**prefix:** haloformyl-
**suffix: -** oyl halide/ carbonyl halide (+1C)
157
Name this
benzoyl chloride
158
Name this
acetyl chloride
159
Name this
2- (chlorocarbonyl)cyclohexane-1-sulfonic acid
160
Draw the function group of sulfonic acid
161
Prefix/Suffix of sulfonic acid
**Prefix:** sulfo-
**suffix:** -sulfonic acid
162
Name this
4 - methylbenzenesulfonic acid
163
Draw the functional group of **aldehydes**
R - COH
164
Prefix/Suffix of aldehyde
**Prefix:** oxo-
**suffix:** -al/ -anal/ carbaldehyde (+1C)
165
draw a formaldehyde
166
Name this
3-chlorobut*anal*
167
Name this
cyclohexanecarb*aldehyde*
168
Draw functional group of ketone
169
Prefix/suffix of ketone
**prefix:** oxo-
**suffix:** -one
170
Name these
* cyclohexanone
* butanedione
* 2,4 -pentanedione
* 4 hexen-2-one
171
Prefix/suffix of alcohol
**Prefix:** hydroxy -
**suffix:** -ol
172
Who has highest priority, amines, ether or alcohols?
alcohols
173
Prefix/Suffix of thiols
**Prefix:** mercapto
**Suffix:** -thiol
174
Name these
* benzenethiol
* butane-2-thiol
* 2-mercaptopropan-1-ol
175
Suffix/Prefix of amines
**prefix:** amino **-**
**Suffix**: -amine
176
Prefix/Suffix of ethers
**Prefix:** alkoxy -
**suffix:** -ether
177
N3 as a prefix
Azido-
178
-OCN as prefix
cyanato
179
-NO2 as a prefix
Nitro
180
-NO as a prefix
Nitroso
