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Organic Chemistry 1 > Nomenclature > Flashcards

Nomenclature Flashcards

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1
Q

What is an unsaturated compound?

A

containting at least one pi bond

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2
Q

What is an acyclic compound?

A

linear, more or less branched scaffold

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3
Q

The functional group with the highest priority, will it be given as a suffix or prefix?

A

Suffix = functional group with highest priority

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4
Q

In what order do the prefixes go?

A

alphabetical order

  • remember that multiplies (di, tri, tetra, …) are not considered for the alphabetical order
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5
Q

What is the suffix called when an alkane is the parent system?

A

suffix: -ane

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6
Q

If alkane group is not parent system, what is the prefix?

A

Prefix: -yl

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7
Q

What is this structure called?

A

3-methyl -4-propylheptane

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8
Q

do cyclic or acyclic have priority?

A

cyclic > acyclic

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9
Q

Name these structures

A
  • cyclopropane
  • cyclobutane
  • cyclopentane
  • cycloheaxane
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10
Q

Name this structure

A

Hexylcyclohexane

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11
Q

What rules must you think about when writing the prefixes of substituents

A
  • alphabetical order
  • lowest set of numbers used
  • sidechain substituent in brackets
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12
Q

Name this structure

A

2,2,4-trimethylpentane

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13
Q

Name of a 3 carbon chain group

A

propyl

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14
Q

Name of a 4 carbon chain group

A

butyl

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15
Q

Name of a 5 carbon chain group

A

pentyl

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16
Q

Name of a 6 carbon chain group

A

hexyl

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17
Q

Name of a 7 carbon chain group

A

heptyl

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18
Q

Name of a 8 carbon chain group

A

octyl

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19
Q

Name of a 9 carbon chain group

A

nonyl

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20
Q

Name of a 10 carbon chain group

A

decyl

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21
Q

Is this abbreviation allowed?

A

Yes. methanol/ethanol can be abbreviated at the end of chains(to look nicer)

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22
Q

Is this abbreviation allowed?

A

No, we can only abbreviate alkanes at the end of chains

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23
Q

Name this structure

A

5-(2-methylpropyl)decane

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24
Q

What are structural isomers?

A

molecules with the same molecular formula, but are structuarlly ordered/bonded differently

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25
Q

Name the structure and its trivial name

A

2-methylpentane

isohexane

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26
Q

Give the systametic name and the trivial name

A

2,2 dimethylbutane

neohexane

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27
Q

What is this group called?

A

sec-butyl group

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28
Q

What is this group called?

A

isobutyl group (primary carbon)

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29
Q

What are alkenes?

A

have at least one double bond - unsaturated compound

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30
Q

What is the suffix for an alkene parent system?

A

-ene

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31
Q

If there is both an unsaturated chain and a saturated chain, which one is preferred for the parent system?

A

the unsaturared or ring has priority

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32
Q

Name this system

A

(E)-4-propyloct-2-ene

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33
Q

Is the system trans or cis, if it is Z

A

Z - zusammen

cis

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34
Q

what is assumed about the position of a double bond if we just write butene for example without the number?

A

double bond is at C1

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35
Q

If an alkene group is not the parent system, what is the prefix?

A

-enyl

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36
Q

Name this system

A

(E)-prop-1-enylcyclohexane

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37
Q

Name this system

A

3-methyleneheptane

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38
Q

Name this system

A

isoprene

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39
Q

What is an allylic carbon?

A

a carbon attached to a carbon that is in a double bond

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40
Q

label the Allylic and vinyl carbons

A
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41
Q

Give systematic and common (trivial) name

A

chloroethene

vinyl chloride

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42
Q

Give systematic and trivial name of this

A

3-bromopropene

alyll bromide

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43
Q

If a triple bond is in the parent chain, what is its suffix?

A

-yne

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44
Q

Name this structure

A

pent-2-yne /2-pentyne

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45
Q

Name this structure

A

2-ethylhex-1-yne

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46
Q

What does acetylene look like?

A
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47
Q

What does ethylacetyne look like?

A

butyne

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48
Q

if there is a triple bond that is not the parent system, what is the prefix?

A

-ynyl

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49
Q

Name this group

A

propargyl group (eg. propargyl bromide)

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50
Q

What does fused mean?

A

at least 2 cycles share one bond(bridge C numbered 1

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51
Q

what is the prefix/sufix of a fused compound?

A

prefix: bicyclic

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52
Q

Name thís

A

bicyclo[4.4.0]decane

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53
Q

Name this

A

bicyclo[4.2.0]octane

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54
Q

What a compound named if 2 cycles share more than one bond?

A

bridged bicyclic

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55
Q

Name this

A

bicyclo[2.3.1]octane

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56
Q

Name this

A

1-methylbicyclo[2.2.1]heptane

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57
Q

What is a polycyclic compound called, where 2 cycles share one atom?

A

spiro (this is also the prefix)

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58
Q

Name this

A

(Start from the right cycle because it gives lowest numbering of methyl)

2-methylspiro[4.5] decane

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59
Q

Name this group

A

Prefix: phenyl

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60
Q

What is this group called?

A

Napthyl-

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61
Q

Number the carbons

A
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62
Q

Name this and number the carbons

A
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63
Q

Name this structure and number the carbons

A

phenantrene

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64
Q

Name this

A

biphenyl

Prefix: biphenylyl

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65
Q

How is a partially saturated ring system indicated?

A

Through the sp3 center with Prefix H-

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66
Q

Name this compound

A

1 H-indene

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67
Q

Name this

A

4H-indene

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68
Q

What makes a compound aromatic?

A

Must follow Huckel’s rule:

4n+2 = pi electrons (carbons)

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69
Q

Name these aromatic compound

A
  • bromobenzene
  • chlorobenzene
  • nitrobenzene
  • ethylbenzene
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70
Q

What is the trivial name of this compound?

A

toluene

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71
Q

What is the trvial name of this compound?

A

phenol

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72
Q

What is the trivial name of this compound

A

aniline

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73
Q

Name the trivial name

A

Benzensulfonic acid

74
Q

In disubstituited compounds, how is the substituition patter indicated?

A
  • ortho (1,2)
  • meta (1,3)
  • para (1,4)
75
Q

Name this (indicating the substituition pattern)

A

ortho - dibromobenzene

1,2 -dibromobenzene

76
Q

Name this (trivial name)

A

o-xylene

77
Q

Name this (trvial name)

A

m-xylene

78
Q

Name this (trivial name)

A

p-xylene

79
Q

What is the prefix for condensed (fused) cyclic systems?

A

-eno

80
Q

What types of unsaturated cyclic compounds?

A
  • condensed (fused) systems
  • partially hydrogenated ring system
81
Q

What is a condensed (fused) cyclic system?

A

There is at least one double bond shared between cyclic systems

82
Q

How are the fused bonds of an unsaturated cyclic parents system indicated?

A
  • fused bonds of parent system is given by letters

(bond between C1 and C2 = a)

  • fused bond of second ring is indicated by shared carbons that are included in the bond
83
Q

Name this

A

indeno[2.1-a] fluorene

84
Q

How are partially hydrogenated ring systems named?

A
  • number of hydrogenated, double bonds indicated by: dihydro, tetrahydro,…
  • perhydro = all double bonds hydrogenated
85
Q

Name this

A

1,2,3,4-tetrahydronapthalene

(trivial: tetraline)

86
Q

Name this

A

decahydronaphtalene

87
Q

Name this

A
  • cycloprop-1-ene
  • ethyl (first order) (alphabet)
  • methyl
  • vinyl

1-ethyl-3-methyl-2-vinylcycloprop-1-ene

88
Q

Name this

A
  • bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene
  • 2-pent-1-enyl
    • 2-vinyl

(E)-2-(2-vinylpent-1-enyl)bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene

89
Q

Name this

A
  • methyl
  • triple bond has highest priority (so must be at the end)

3-methylhex-1-en-5-yne

90
Q

Name this

A
  • methyl
  • naphtalene
  • phene
  • ethyl

7-methyl-1-phen-2-ethylnapthalene

91
Q

Name this

A
  • 1,4 pentadiene
  • methyl
  • bis cyclopropanemethyl
  • cyclobutyl
    • dimethyl

2,4 - (dimethylcyclobutyl)-3-(bis-(cyclopropylmethyl)-methyl)-1,4-pentadiene

92
Q

What are these examples of?

A

Partially hydrogenated heterocycles

93
Q

What is this

A

2-pyrroline

94
Q

Name this

A

pyrrolidine

95
Q
A
96
Q

Name this

A

tetrahydrothiphene

97
Q

What is this called?

A

piperidine

98
Q

What is this called

A

pyrane

99
Q

Name this

A

oxazole

100
Q

What is the systematic approach to name heterocycles? (via Hantzsch- Widmann nomenclature)

A
  • identity of the heteroatom
  • position donated by the ring atom
  • ring size described by suffixes
101
Q

Prefix of a heterocycle with oxygen

A

Oxo-

102
Q

What is the prefix of heterocycle that contains sulfur?

A

Thia-

103
Q

Prefix of a heterocycle containing nitrogen

A

Aza-

104
Q

Suffix

Ring Size: 3

A

Unsaturated: -irene

Unsaturated Nitrogen: - irine

Saturated: - irane

Saturated Nitrogen: - iridine

105
Q

Suffix

Ring Size: 4

A

Unsaturated: -ete

Saturated: - etane

Saturated with Nitrogen: etidine

106
Q

Suffix

Ring Size: 5

A

Unsaturated: - ole

Saturated: - olane

Saturated Nitrogen: - olidine

107
Q

Suffix

Ring Size: 6

A

Unsaturated: -ine

Saturated: - inane (-ane)

108
Q

Suffix

Ring Size: 7

A

Unsaturated: -epine

Saturated: - epane

109
Q

Suffix of Heterocycle size 8

A

Unsaturated: - ocine

Saturated: - ocane

110
Q

Suffix of Heterocycle size 9

A

Unsaturated: -onine

Saturated: -onane

111
Q

Suffix of Heterocycle size 10

A

Unsaturated: - ecine

saturated: -ecane

112
Q

Suffixes of Unsaturated heterocycle rings

A
        • irene
    • ete
    • ole
    • ine
    • epine
    • ocine
    • onine
    • ecine
113
Q

Suffixes of Saturated heterocycles

A
    • irane
    • etane
    • olane
    • inane (-ane)
    • epane
    • ocane
    • onane
    • ecane
114
Q

Suffixes of Saturated Heterocycles with Nitrogen

A
    • iridine
    • etidine
    • olidine
115
Q

Name this

A

aziridine

116
Q

Name this

A

1,2-oxazetidine

117
Q

Name this

A

thiazolidine

118
Q

Name this

A

1,4-dioxine

119
Q

Name this

A

1,4 - dioxane

120
Q

Naming heterocyclic compounds via substuition nomenclature

A
  • elemental prefix followed by carbocyclic name
  • well suitable for spital and fused cycles
121
Q

Name this (hint: substituition nomenclature)

A

1-thiaspiro[4.4]nonane

122
Q

Name this (hint: substituition nomenclature)

A

1-borabicyclo[4.1.0]heptane

123
Q

What functional group has the highest priority?

A

Carboxylic acid

124
Q

List anhydride, ester and sulfonic acid in priority order

A
  1. sulfonic acid
  2. anhydride
  3. ester
125
Q

Do esters or acidhalids have more priority?

A

esters

126
Q

Priority: nitrile, amide, aldehyde

A

amide, nitrile, aldehyde

127
Q

Aldehyde or ketone more priority?

A

aldehyde

128
Q

alcohol or ketone, higher priority?

A

ketone

129
Q

alcohol or thiol, priority?

A

alcohol

130
Q

List thiol, amine, alkane, alkene and alkyne in priorty

A
  1. thiol
  2. amine
  3. alkene
  4. alkyne
  5. alkane
131
Q

what has the highest priority, alkanes, halides or ether?

A
  1. alkanes
  2. ethers
  3. halides
132
Q

Carboxylic acid as lowest priorty of system

A

prefix: carboxy-

133
Q

Carboxylic acid as highest priority in a system

A

Suffix: - oic acid/ carboxylic acid (+ 1C)

134
Q

Draw oxalic acid

A
135
Q

Draw Malonic acid

A
136
Q

Draw succinic acid

A
137
Q

What is the prefix/suffix for esters

A

prefix: alkoxycarbonyl-

suffix: alkyl- …-oate/ alkyl-…-carboxylate

138
Q

Draw the functional group of an ester

A
139
Q

Name this

A

phenyl propanoate

140
Q

Name this

A

methyl 3-bromopropanoate

141
Q

What are lactones?

A

cyclic esters

142
Q

Name this (IUPAC and trivial)

A
  • IUPAC: 2-oxycyclopentanone
  • trivial: gamma-butyrolactone
143
Q

Name this (lactone)

A
  • IUPAC: 3-methyl-2-oxycyclohexanone
  • trivial: delta -caprolactone
144
Q

Prefix/suffix of amide

A

PRefix: amino-oxo-/ amido- /carbamoyl- (+1 C)

Suffix: -amide/ -carboxamide (+1C)

145
Q

Draw a primary, secondary and tertiary amide group

A
146
Q

Name this

A

IUPAC: benzenecarboxamide

trivial: benzamide

147
Q

Name this

A

4-carbamoylbenzoic acid

148
Q

What are lactames?

A

cyclic amides

149
Q

Name this

A

IUPAC: 2 - azacyclohexanone

trivial: δ-valerolactam

150
Q

Prefix/suffix of nitriles

A

prefix: cyano

suffix: -nitrile

151
Q

Draw the functional group of nitriles

A
152
Q

What is an anhydride?

A
153
Q

Suffix of an anhydride

A

-oic anhydride

just suffix

154
Q

Name trivial name of this

A

acetic anhydride

155
Q

Draw functional group of carboxylic acid halides

A
156
Q

Suffix/Prefix of carboxylic acid halides

A

prefix: haloformyl-

suffix: - oyl halide/ carbonyl halide (+1C)

157
Q

Name this

A

benzoyl chloride

158
Q

Name this

A

acetyl chloride

159
Q

Name this

A

2- (chlorocarbonyl)cyclohexane-1-sulfonic acid

160
Q

Draw the function group of sulfonic acid

A
161
Q

Prefix/Suffix of sulfonic acid

A

Prefix: sulfo-

suffix: -sulfonic acid

162
Q

Name this

A

4 - methylbenzenesulfonic acid

163
Q

Draw the functional group of aldehydes

A

R - COH

164
Q

Prefix/Suffix of aldehyde

A

Prefix: oxo-

suffix: -al/ -anal/ carbaldehyde (+1C)

165
Q

draw a formaldehyde

A
166
Q

Name this

A

3-chlorobutanal

167
Q

Name this

A

cyclohexanecarbaldehyde

168
Q

Draw functional group of ketone

A
169
Q

Prefix/suffix of ketone

A

prefix: oxo-

suffix: -one

170
Q

Name these

A
  • cyclohexanone
  • butanedione
  • 2,4 -pentanedione
  • 4 hexen-2-one
171
Q

Prefix/suffix of alcohol

A

Prefix: hydroxy -

suffix: -ol

172
Q

Who has highest priority, amines, ether or alcohols?

A

alcohols

173
Q

Prefix/Suffix of thiols

A

Prefix: mercapto

Suffix: -thiol

174
Q

Name these

A
  • benzenethiol
  • butane-2-thiol
  • 2-mercaptopropan-1-ol
175
Q

Suffix/Prefix of amines

A

prefix: amino -

Suffix: -amine

176
Q

Prefix/Suffix of ethers

A

Prefix: alkoxy -

suffix: -ether

177
Q

N3 as a prefix

A

Azido-

178
Q

-OCN as prefix

A

cyanato

179
Q

-NO2 as a prefix

A

Nitro

180
Q

-NO as a prefix

A

Nitroso

Organic Chemistry 1 (7 decks)

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