structure and bonding Flashcards
contains positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons
nucleus
is composed of negatively charged electrons
The electron cloud
same elements that differ in number of neutrons
Isotopes
Neutrons = ?
atomic number-mass number
Elements in the same row are similar in ???
size
Elements in the same column have similar ??? and ??? properties
electronic and chemical
has a sphere of electron density and is lower in energy than the other orbitals of the same shell.
s orbital
has a dumbbell shape and contains a node of electron density at the nucleus. It is higher in energy than an s orbital.
p orbital
is the joining of two atoms in a stable arrangement
Bonding
Through bonding, atoms attain a ?
complete outer shell of valence electrons
Through bonding, atoms attain a stable ??? configuration.
noble gas
result from the transfer of electrons from one element to another
Ionic bonds
result from the sharing of electrons
between two nuclei.
Covalent bonds
generally occurs when elements on the far left side of the periodic table combine with elements
on the far right side, ignoring noble gases.
ionic bond
Hydrogen forms ?? covalent bond
one
When two hydrogen atoms are joined in a bond, each has a filled valence shell of ??
two electrons
elements that can have no more than eight electrons around them
Second row elements
Atoms with four or more valence electrons form enough bonds to give an ?
octet
Unshared electrons are also called ???
lone pairs
are electron dot representations for molecules.
Lewis structures
There are three general rules for drawing Lewis structures
- Draw only the valence electrons.
- Give every second-row element an octet of electrons,
if possible. - Give each hydrogen two electrons.
In a Lewis structure, a solid
line indicates a ?
two-electron covalent bond
are different molecules having the same molecular formula.
Isomers
