Structure and blood supply of the brain Flashcards
What do nerve cells do?
- Receives information
- Processes information
- Sends information
What do Glial cells do?
Controls the environment
What are the three types of neurons?
- multipolar
- pseudounipolar
- bipolar
What is the function of astrocytes?
Maintain the blood brain barrier and they also provide with metabolic support
What is the function of Ependymal cells?
These cells line spinal cord and ventricles of the brain. They also help produce cerebrospinal fluid
What is the function of Oligodendrocytes?
Myelinate CNS axons, providing structural framework
What is the function of microglia?
They remove dead cells and pathogens by a process known as phagocytosis
What is a nucleus?
A group of functionally related nerve cells bodied in the CNS
What are the layers of the meninges?
- dura mater (outer)
- arachnoid mater (middle)
- pia mater (inner)
What are the spaces of the meninges?
- epidural
- subdural
- subarachnoid
What are the 4 lobes of the brain?
- Frontal
- temporal
- parietal
- occipital
What are the cortical areas?
- prefrontal cortex
- motor association cortex
- primary motor cortex
- primary somatosensory cortex
- visual cortex
- auditory cortex
What is the fornix?
it is efferent fibre bundles that control and modulate emotion
What is the nucleus accumens?
this is involved in the reinforcement/gratification/addiction
What is the cingulate gyrus?
emotion processing, learning and memory
What is the thalamus?
Part of the midbrain where sensory information is transferred through it to higher part of the brain
What is the hypothalamus?
controls the autonomic nervous system
What is the medulla oblongata?
Part of the hindbrain that regulates autonomic functions such as swallowing and coughing
What is the pons?
part of the hindbrain that helps regulate breathing and relays sensory information
What is the cerebellum?
this is part of the hindbrain that integrates sensory and motor information which helps with balance
What is the vascular supply to the brain?
- 2 internal carotid arteries
- 2 vertebral arteries
- circle of willis
What is the blood brain barrier?
Protects the brain and allows essential compounds to pass into the brain circulation
What is the internal carotid artery?
forms the anterior circulation for majority of the forebrain and it arises from the common carotid
What do the vertebral arteries supply?
- upper spinal cord
- brain stem
- cerebellum
- posterior cerebral hemisphere
