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Motor speech disorders > Structural elements > Flashcards

Structural elements Flashcards

1
Q

Neuron

A

dendrites/axons projection. Axons end in synapses which release neurotransmitters.

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2
Q

_________ is an importan neurotransmitter in neuromuscular synapses.

A

Acetylcholine

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3
Q

Release of AcH results in _________ of muscle fiber.

A

contraction

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4
Q

Nerves are:

A

collection of many nerve fibers (axons). Cell bodies stay in CNS, nerves travel between cell bodies and peripheral end organ to be innervated.

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5
Q

Groups of fibers traveling together in PNS are called _____.

A

nerves

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6
Q

In CNS, groups of fibers are called _________ or _____.

A

pathways

tracts

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7
Q

In CNS, pathways/tracts carry ____ to other neurons.

A

impulses

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8
Q

In PNS, impulse is carried to ____ _____.

A

end organs

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9
Q

motor unis is made up of:

A

the axon and the muscle fiber it innervates

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10
Q

What are the three supporting glial cells

A

oligodendroglial
schwann cells
astrocytes

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11
Q

oligondendroglial cells form myelin in _____

A

CNS

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12
Q

schwann cells form myelin in ______

A

PNS

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13
Q

Astrocytes are found in _____ .

A

CNS

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14
Q

What is the function of astrocytes?

A

help move substances between blood and neurons of CNS-Part of blood brain barrier that keeps toxins from brain.

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15
Q

These supporting glial cells help move substances between blood and neurong of CNS-Part of bood brain barrier that keeps toxins from brain.

A

astrocytes

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16
Q

Neurons can be damaged due to lack of _______ caused by disruption in blood supply

A

Oxygen (ischemia)

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17
Q

______ may be separated from cell body resulting in motor speech problems.

A

Axons

18
Q

If lower motor neuron innervation to muscle is lost muscle will ______.

A

atrophy

19
Q

_____ can shrink due to injuries. Certain disease attack _______.

A

Myelin

20
Q

What are the diseases that attack myelin?

A

multiple sclerosis & Guillian Barre

21
Q

Thalamus

A

paired structure deep inside the brain. Acts as a relay station. helps mediate speech, language, & cognitive function. Also integral part of motor control system.

22
Q

Acts as a relay station.

A

Thalamus

23
Q

This structure helps mediate speech, language, & cognitive function. Also integral part of motor control system.

A

Thalamus

24
Q

Basal ganglia is located inside ______

A

cerebrum

25
Q

Basal ganglia is important part of _____ ______ system.

A

motor speech

26
Q

Basal ganglia consists of :

A

Globus pallidus
striatum: putamen &caudate nucleus
Lentiform nucleus - composed of globus pallidus & putamen

27
Q

reticular formation is part of ______ and is important for ______ _______.

A

brainstem

motor control

28
Q

reticular formation is

A

part of brainstem and is important for motor control

29
Q

substantia nigra and subthalamic nuclie are important in _____ ______ and work with _____ _____.

A

motor control

basal ganglia

30
Q

substantia nigra is located primarily in ____

A

midbrain.

31
Q

Define focal

A

found in single area

32
Q

Define multifocal

A

found in more than one are

33
Q

define diffuse:

A

involve bilateral symmetric parts of nervous system, such as dementia, where there is generalized cerebral atrophy

34
Q

Etiologies capable of producing motor speech disorders-broad categories:

A 
degenerative disease
inflammatory diseases
toxic- metabolic diseases
neuroplastic
traumatic injuries
vascular diseases
35
Q

degenerative diseases:

A

gradual decline in neuronal function

36
Q

inflammatory diseases

A

menengitis

37
Q

toxic-metabolic diseases

A

due to vitamin deficiencies, drug toxicity

38
Q

neuroplastic disorder

A

tumors

39
Q

traumatic injuries

A

gunshot, car accidents, falls

40
Q

vascular diseases:

A

cardiovascular accidents most common, neurons deprived of oxygen due to disruption in blood supply. CVA results in focal lesions and is acute.

Motor speech disorders (8 decks)

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