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Motor speech disorders > Motor Speech Disorders introduction > Flashcards

Motor Speech Disorders introduction Flashcards

1
Q

The neurologic process of speech production involves:

A
  1. cognitive-linguistic process
  2. motor speech programming
  3. neuromuscular execution
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2
Q

What is the cognitive linguistic process?

A

The aspect of speech production involving an intention to communicate which is organized into the verbal symbols that follow the rules of language.

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3
Q

What is motor speech programming?

A

The intended communication has to be executed by the neuromuscular system. The speaker selects and organizes sensory programs that cause the appropriate speech muscles to be activated at the right times.

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4
Q

What is neromuscular execution?

A

The CNS and PNS innervate the necessary muscles of respiration, phonation, articulation, and resonance to produce desired words.

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5
Q

What is the definition of motor speech disorders?

A

Disorders of speech resulting from neurologic impairment affecting the motor programming or neuromuscular execution of speech. They encompass apraxia of speech and the dysarthrias.

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6
Q

What are the two types of motor speech disorders?

A

dysarthria

apraxia of speech

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7
Q

What is dysarthria?

A

collective name for group of motor speech disorder resulting from disturbances in muscular control over the speech mechanism due to damage of the CNS or PNS. Can result in paralysis, weakness, or incoordination of speech musculature.

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8
Q

collective name for group of motor speech disorder resulting from disturbances in muscular control over the speech mechanism due to damage of the CNS or PNS. Can result in paralysis, weakness, or incoordination of speech musculature

A

Dysarthria

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9
Q

Disorders of speech resulting from neurologic impairment affecting the motor programming or neuromuscular execution of speech. They encompass apraxia of speech and the dysarthrias.

A

Motor speech disorders

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10
Q

Dysarthria affects the following subsystems of speech:

A
  • respiration
  • phonation
  • resonance
  • prosody
  • articulation
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11
Q

True or False: The site of lesion for Dysarthria is in the CNS

A

False, CNS and PNS

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12
Q

What are the types of dysarthria

A 
Flaccid dysarthria
hyperkinetic
hypokinetic
spastic dysarthria
mixed disarthria
ataxic dysarthria
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13
Q

What is Apraxia of Speech?

A

Neurogenic speech disorder resulting from impairment of the capacity to program sensorimotor commands for the positioning and movement of muscles for volitional production of speech. Occurs in the absence of weakness.

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14
Q

Neurogenic speech disorder resulting from impairment of the capacity to program sensorimotor commands for the positioning and movement of muscles for volitional production of speech. Occurs in the absence of weakness.

A

Apraxia of Speech

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15
Q

True or False: Both apraxia and dysarthria can co-occur with aphasia.

A

True

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16
Q

____________ more commonly co-occurs with aphasia.

A

Apraxia of speech

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17
Q

Apraxia affects the following sybsystems

A

Articulation: may be inconsistent errors, difficulty initiating speech
Prosody - due to starting and stopping in self-correcting

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18
Q

Course of disease can be:

A
  • Transient
  • Progressive
  • improving
  • stationary
  • exacerbating-remitting
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19
Q

Define transient:

A

symptoms don’t last, they disappear completely

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20
Q

Define improving

A

things are improving but some symptoms are still there - just not as severe

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21
Q

Define progressive

A

Symptoms don’t get better, they continue to get worse or new symptoms appear

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22
Q

Define exacerbating- remitting

A

symptoms occur, then get better then occur again; gets worse, then better

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23
Q

Define stationary

A

symptoms remain unchanged after they have reached maximum severity.

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24
Q

symptoms don’t last, they disappear completely

A

Transient

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25
Q

things are improving but some symptoms are still there - just not as severe

A

what is improving

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26
Q

Symptoms don’t get better, they continue to get worse or new symptoms appear

A

Progressive

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27
Q

symptoms occur, then get better then occur again; gets worse, then better

A

exacerbating-remitting

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28
Q

symptoms remain unchanged after they have reached maximum severity.

A

stationary

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29
Q

Development of symptoms

A

acute
subacute
chronic

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30
Q

Define acute

A

Comes on quickly within minutes

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31
Q

Define subacute

A

Comes within days

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32
Q

Defina Chronic:

A

comes on within months

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33
Q

Most motor speech disorders are associated with ______ disorders.

A

chronic

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34
Q

CNS involves

A

Cerebellum
Brain stem
cerebrum
Spinal cord

35
Q 
The cerebrum consists of:
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ lobes
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
A

4 lobes: frontal, occipital, parietal, temporal
sulci
gyri
cortex

36
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum?

A

Modifies cortical activity

37
Q

What are the lobes of the cerebellum?

A
  1. anterior
  2. posterior
  3. flocculondular
38
Q

Brain stem consists of

A

Midbrain
pons
medulla

39
Q

MIdbrain links the _______ to _______.

A

cerebrum

brainstem

40
Q

Pons

A

Bridges to cerebellum

41
Q

Bridges to cerebellum

A

Pons

42
Q

Controls respiration

A

Medulla

43
Q

Medulla

A

controls respiration

44
Q

What are the 4 main anatomical levels of CNS?

A
  • Supratentorial
  • Posterior
  • spinal
  • peripheral
45
Q

Supratentorial

A

Made up of anterior & middle fossae. Contains the 4 lobes. as well as basal ganglia, thalamus, hypothalamus & CN 1 and 2.

46
Q

Made up of anterior & middle fossae. Contains the 4 lobes. as well as basal ganglia, thalamus, hypothalamus & CN 1 and 2.

A

Supratentorial

47
Q

Posterior antomical level

A

made up of posterior fossa. Contains brainstem, cerebellum, & cranial nerves III - XII

48
Q

made up of posterior fossa. Contains brainstem, cerebellum, & cranial nerves III - XII

A

Posterior antomical level

49
Q

3 cavities in base of skull. Fossa-ditch. Holes in fossae where cranial nerves exit skull- called foramina

A

Fossae

50
Q

Which nerves originate in brain stem at the posterior fossa level?

A

CN III - XII

51
Q

Which nerves originate in the supratentorial level?

A

CN I & II

52
Q

Spinal anatomical level-

A

spinal cord begins at lower end of medulla surroudned by bony vertebral column. spinal cord ends at first lumbar vertebrae.

53
Q

spinal cord begins at lower end of medulla surrounded by bony vertebral column. spinal cord ends at first lumbar vertebrae.

A

spinal anatomical level

54
Q

Peripheral anatomical level

A

made up of 12 pairs of cranial and 31 pairs of spinal nerve which exit skull through foramina

55
Q

made up of 12 pairs of cranial and 31 pairs of spinal nerve which exit skull through foramina

A

peripheral anatomical level

56
Q

It is important for speech purposes that cranial nerves are _____, one from ______ one from ______ _____. This is protective.

A

paired
left
right side

57
Q

What are the six neurologic systems?

A
  1. ventricular
  2. vascular
  3. sensory system
  4. neurochemical system
  5. consciousness system
  6. motor system
58
Q

Cranial nerves emerge from base of ________ and penetrate skill through foramina to reach _____ _____ targets.

A

brainstem

sensory motor

59
Q

What are the 3 meninges:

A

dura mater
arachnoid
pia mater

60
Q

The dura mater is the

A

outer membrane- 2 layers fused together

61
Q

The arachnoid mater is

A

below dura, loosely covers brain

62
Q

The pia mater is the

A

innermost layer, closely attached to surface of brain

63
Q

outer membrane- 2 layers fused together

A

dura mater

64
Q

below dura, loosely covers brain

A

arachnoid mater

65
Q

innermost layer, closely attached to surface of brain

A

pia mater

66
Q

What are the spaces around the meninges?

A

epidural
subdural
subarachnoid

67
Q

Epidural is between

A

dura and bone

68
Q

subdural space is beneath ______

A

dura

69
Q

Infections can occur in what two spaces due to trauma, blood & pus pool?

A

epidural and subdural

70
Q

Subarachnoid is beneath ________ filled with ______, connected to inner part of brain via ________ system

A

arachnoid
CSF
ventricular

71
Q

Beneath arachnoid - filled with CSF, connected to inner part of brain via ventricular system

A

subarachnoid

72
Q

Vascular system function

A

provides oxygen and nutrients to structures and removes waste

73
Q

Ventricular system AKA

A

cerebrospinal system

74
Q

The ventricular system _______ the brain.

A

cushions

75
Q

Brain receives bood from what 2 arterial systems

A

carotid and vertebral basilar system

76
Q

Neurochemical system:

A

influences all anatomic levels of nervous system. includes Amino acids, ACH, and neuropeptides (protein molecules aid neurons in communicating).

77
Q

This system influences all anatomic levels of nervous system. includes Amino acids, ACH, and neuropeptides (protein molecules aid neurons in communicating).

A

Neurochemical system

78
Q

Consciousness system:

A

important for maintaining consciousness, attention & awareness of enironment. structures involved include those found at supratentorial and posterior fossae level. Damage can result in motor speech disorders.

79
Q

This system is important for maintaining consciousness, attention & awareness of enironment. structures involved include those found at supratentorial and posterior fossae level. Damage can result in motor speech disorders

A

Consciousness system

80
Q

Motor system:

A

responsible for all motor activity including that of speech. Includes efferent connection to cortex, basal ganglia, cerebellum, CNS/PNS pathways. Damage here can cause motor speech disorders.

81
Q

This system is responsible for all motor activity including that of speech. Includes efferent connection to cortex, basal ganglia, cerebellum, CNS/PNS pathways. Damage here can cause motor speech disorders.

A

Motor system

82
Q

Sensory system includes:

A

peripheral receptor organs

83
Q

This system includes peripheral receptor organs

A

sensory system

Motor speech disorders (8 decks)

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