Review questions for Exam 1 Flashcards
The pt presents with tongue atrophy & fasiculations. Upon tongue protrusion, the tongue deviates to the right. Your best estimation is that it is a: ________________ (UMN or LMN) lesion and that the lesion is on which side (left or right).
LMN lesion on the right
The pt presents with spasciticy. Upon tongue protrusion, the tongue deviates to the right. Is the lesion UMN or LMN lesion? The lesion is on which side?
UMN lesion on the left
The jaw hangs open at rest with little strength to resist closing. Describe lesion.
Bilateral V. Don’t know if it is UMN or LMN with this info
The jaw deviates to the right side. With this information can you tell which is the side of weakness? Which is the side of lesion?
Yes – the side of weakness is the right side. But you can’t tell which is the side of lesion because you don’t know if it is UMN or LMN.
There is a single UMN lesion on the right side that affects the Vth nerve. Will there be a significant effect on speech?
Jaw will deviate or be weaker on the left side. The effect on speech will be minimal.
Are UMNs part of the CNS?
Yes
Are LMNs part of the Final Common Pathway?
Yes
Do LMNs originate in the cortex?
NO, they originate in brainstem and spinal cord.
Do UMNs (including both DAP and IAP) terminate at the synapses either in the brain stem or spinal cord?
Yes
A pt presents with a “flutter” in the cheeck area. What cranial nerve is implicated?
Facial Nerve (VII)
In assessing AMRs, which sound/syllable will most likely be affected with VIIth nerve damage?
Puh
With bilateral VIIth nerve lesions pts may have difficulty saying bilabials, what is the likely substitution?
lingual phonemes
Which nerve innervates the stylopharyngeus muscles? What does this muscle do?
Glossopharyngeal NerveIXth, elevates pharynx for speech & swallowing
Pt complains of pain going down back of throat. Which cranial nerve is implicated?
Glossopharyngeal nerve (IX)
Pt presents with hypernasality. Which cranial nerve is implicated?
Primarily pharyngeal branch of Xth.
Which intrinsic laryngeal muscle is the primary pitch changer? Which nerve innervates it?
Cricothyroid, Superior laryngeal branch of Xth.
Which will have a more significant effect – a lesion on the recurrent laryngeal nerve or a lesion above the pharyngeal nerve?
Lesion on the recurrent laryngeal nerve.
An axon that originates from a motor neuron on the part of the motor cortex that controls the jaw will descend through the corticobulbar tract to synapse with which cranial nerve?
Vth Trigeminal Nerve
Which subsystems can dysarthria effect?
All systems.
- Articulation
- resonance
- prosody
- respiration
- phonation
At which anatomic level (supratentorial, etc.) do cranial nerves III – XII originate?
Posterior fossae
Which cells form myelin in CNS?
Oligdendroglia cells
Name the structures that make up the basal ganglia?
a. Globus Pallidus
b. Striatum
i. Putamen
ii. Caudate Nucleus
c. Lentiform nucleus – composed of globus pallidus & putamen.
- Define Focal:
found in single area.
Define multifocal:
found in more than one area.
Define diffuse:
involve bilateral symmetric parts of nervous system, such as dementia, where there is generalized cerebral atrophy
Define Upper Motor Neuron
- cell bodies in motor cortex and their descending axonal processes that synapse on cranial and spinal neurons.
- Originate in cerebral cortex (upper brain levels)
Define Lower Motor Neuron
motor nuclei through which central nervous system sends impulses to muscles (and glands)
-Originate in brainstem or spinal cord
Describe the innervation to the Trigeminal Nerve
BIlateral innervation
Provides sensory information about face, jaw, lip and tongue
Provides motor functions to jaw, muscles of mastication, tensor veli palatini, tensor tympani, mylohyoid (extrinsic laryngeal muscle involved in moving larynx)
What are the lobes of the cerebellum?
anterior
posterior
flocculondular
What is the midportion of the cerebellum called?
vermis
The cortex is the ______ of the cerebrum.
outer layer (bark)
Ridges in the cerebrum is ______.
gyri
The valleys in the cerebrum are called _____.
sulci
Bells palsy is a unilateral or bilateral lesion.
unilateral
linguals usually substitute for what sounds?
bilabials
If patient complains of pain going back of throat the CN affected is….
glossopharyngeal
What are the speech tasks used to assess glossopharyngeal nerve
IX glossopharyngeal nerve cannot be assessed with speech tasks
what is the function of the palatoglossus?
pull down the soft palate and raise the back of the tongue
you want soft palate lower for ______ sounds
nasal
why would you have dyplophonia
vocal folds vibrating at two different vibrations because one is paralyzed
unilateral lesion of the pharyngeal branch would look like what in terms of soft palate symptoms
palate would be hanging low on one side
Bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve can cause what not voice related
stridor
One function of CN XI (Accessory)
head and neck, and assist in elevating velum
Unilateral lesion to hypoglossal nerve
deviates to weak side
Another word for multiple cranial nerve damage?
bulbar palsy
List of Duffys of characteristics that associate with flaccid dysarthria
hypernasality isolated articulatory impression nasal emission atrophy fasiculations
