STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

Question 1

What are the 6 functions of the skeletal system?

Answer 1

1) support
2) protection
3) movement
4) mineral homeostasis
5) blood cell production
6) triglyceride storage

Question 2

What are the 4 main types of bone?

Answer 2

-long
-short
-flat
-irregular

Question 3

What are the 3 types of joints?

Answer 3

1) Fibrous
2) Cartilaginous
3) Synovial

Question 4

What are some examples of long bones?

Answer 4

-femur
-tibia & fibula
-humerus
-ulna & radius
-phalanges

Question 5

What are examples of short bones?

Answer 5

wrist & ankle bones

Question 6

What are examples of flat bones?

Answer 6

-cranial bones
-the sternum
-ribs
-scapulae

Question 7

What are examples of irregular bones?

Answer 7

-vertebrae
-facial bones

Question 8

What are the 3 main parts of a long bone?

Answer 8

1) diaphysis
2) epiphyses
3) metaphyses

Question 9

What part of the long bone is also known as the shaft or body- the long, cylindrical, main portion of the bone?

Answer 9

Diaphysis

Question 10

What are the distal and proximal ends of the bone called?

Answer 10

Epiphyses

Question 11

What part of the long bone contains the “growth plate” and is located between the shaft and end of bone, where the diaphysis joins the epiphyses?

Answer 11

Metaphyses

Question 12

What are the 3 types of cells found in the bone?

Answer 12

-osteoblasts
-osteoclasts
-osteocytes

Question 13

3 Types of Joints:

Answer 13

1) fibrous joints
2) cartilaginous joints
3) synovial joints

Question 14

What type of joint?
No cavity, just dense irregular connective tissue

Answer 14

Fibrous joints

Question 15

What type of joint?
No cavity, bones are held together by cartilage

Answer 15

Cartilaginous joints

Question 16

What type of joint?
Have synovial cavity and many other components such as
ligaments.

Answer 16

Synovial joints

Question 17

7 Structures of Synovial Joints:

Answer 17

1) Synovial cavity
2) Articular cartilage
3) Ligaments
4) Synovial membrane
5) Accessory ligaments
6) Articular discs
7) Bursae

Question 18

What structure of the synovial joint?
-space containing fluid

Answer 18

Synovial cavity

Question 19

What structure of the synovial joint?
-reduces friction between bones

Answer 19

Articular cartilage

Question 20

What structure of the synovial joint?
-lie outside and inside the articular capsule

Answer 20

Accessory ligaments

Question 21

What structure of the synovial joint?
-Allows articulating bones to fit more tightly

Answer 21

Articular disc

Question 22

What structure of the synovial joint?
-sacs that contain synovial fluid and decrease friction

Answer 22

Bursae

Question 23

DESCRIBE the function of tendons.

Answer 23

-Tough band of fibrous connective tissue
-Function to connect muscle to bone

Question 24

DESCRIBE the function of cartilage.

Answer 24

-Covers ends of bones
-Absorbs shock
-Reduces friction

Question 25

DESCRIBE the function of bursa.

Answer 25

-Decreases friction in areas where friction can occur with movement.

Question 26

where is bursa located?

Answer 26

-skin and bone -tendons and bones -muscles and bones -ligaments and bones

Question 27

what are the 3 different types of muscular tissue in the body?

Answer 27

1) Skeletal muscle 2) Cardiac muscle 3) Smooth muscle

Question 28

what type of muscle: -Mostly movement of bones/body parts -Stabilize body positions

Answer 28

Skeletal muscle

Question 29

what type of muscle: -Heart only -Develops pressure for blood flow

Answer 29

Cardiac muscle

Question 30

what type of muscle: Largely located in GI tract

Answer 30

Smooth muscle

Question 31

Together these muscle systems have 4 major functions:

Answer 31

(1) Produce body movements (2) Stabilize body positions (3) Store and move substances (4) Produce heat

Question 32

Together these muscle systems have 4 major functions:

Answer 32

(1) Produce body movements (2) Stabilize body positions (3) Store and move substances (4) Produce heat

Question 33

Decrease in the angle between articulating bones

Answer 33

Flexion

Question 34

Increase in angle between articulating bones

Answer 34

Extension

Question 35

Bending beyond 180 degrees, such as moving humerus backwards behind the anatomical plane

Answer 35

Hyperextension

Question 36

Movement of bone away from the midline

Answer 36

Abduction

Question 37

Movement of bone toward the midline

Answer 37

Adduction

Question 38

Movement of distal end in a circle

Answer 38

Circumduction

Question 39

Bone revolves around its own longitudinal axis

Answer 39

Rotation

Question 40

Movement of the soles of the foot medially

Answer 40

Inversion

Question 41

Movement of the soles of the foot medially

Answer 41

Inversion

Question 42

Movement of the soles of the foot laterally

Answer 42

Eversion

Question 43

Bending foot toward the dorsum (standing on heels)

Answer 43

Dorsiflexion

Question 44

Bending the foot toward the plantar surface (standing on toes)

Answer 44

Plantarflexion

Question 45

DESCRIBE the functions of ligaments

Answer 45

-connect bone to bone

Question 46

DESCRIBE the function of tendons

Answer 46

-connect muscle to bone

Question 47

DESCRIBE the function of cartilage

Answer 47

-reduces friction, absorbs shock

Question 48

DESCRIBE the function of bursa

Answer 48

Decreases friction in areas where friction can occur with movement.

Question 49

DEFINE the basic functions of skeletal muscle

Answer 49

-Movement of bones/body parts -Stabilize body positions

Question 50

What part of the bone reduces friction?

Answer 50

Articular cartilage

Question 51

What part of the bone produces blood cells?

Answer 51

Red bone marrow

Question 52

What part of the bone lines the medullary cavity?

Answer 52

Endosteum

Question 53

What are 2 examples of fibrous joints? & where are they located?

Answer 53

-sutures: between skull bones -interosseous membrane: between long bones

Question 54

Which joint allows flexion and extension only?

Answer 54

Hinge joints

Question 55

What are the 3 types of muscular tissue in the body?

Answer 55

1) Skeletal muscle 2) Cardiac muscle 3) Smooth muscle

Question 56

What muscle is found only in the heart, and develops pressure for blood flow?

Answer 56

Cardiac muscle

Question 57

What muscle is located largely in the GI tract?

Answer 57

Smooth muscle

Question 58

What are the 4 functions of the muscle systems?

Answer 58

1) produce body movements 2) stabilize body positions 3) store and move substances 4) produce heat