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MSK > STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM > Flashcards

STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF THE MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 6 functions of the skeletal system?

A

1) support
2) protection
3) movement
4) mineral homeostasis
5) blood cell production
6) triglyceride storage

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2
Q

What are the 4 main types of bone?

A

-long
-short
-flat
-irregular

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3
Q

What are the 3 types of joints?

A

1) Fibrous
2) Cartilaginous
3) Synovial

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4
Q

What are some examples of long bones?

A

-femur
-tibia & fibula
-humerus
-ulna & radius
-phalanges

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5
Q

What are examples of short bones?

A

wrist & ankle bones

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6
Q

What are examples of flat bones?

A

-cranial bones
-the sternum
-ribs
-scapulae

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7
Q

What are examples of irregular bones?

A

-vertebrae
-facial bones

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8
Q

What are the 3 main parts of a long bone?

A

1) diaphysis
2) epiphyses
3) metaphyses

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9
Q

What part of the long bone is also known as the shaft or body- the long, cylindrical, main portion of the bone?

A

Diaphysis

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10
Q

What are the distal and proximal ends of the bone called?

A

Epiphyses

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11
Q

What part of the long bone contains the “growth plate” and is located between the shaft and end of bone, where the diaphysis joins the epiphyses?

A

Metaphyses

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12
Q

What are the 3 types of cells found in the bone?

A

-osteoblasts
-osteoclasts
-osteocytes

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13
Q

3 Types of Joints:

A

1) fibrous joints
2) cartilaginous joints
3) synovial joints

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14
Q

What type of joint?
No cavity, just dense irregular connective tissue

A

Fibrous joints

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15
Q

What type of joint?
No cavity, bones are held together by cartilage

A

Cartilaginous joints

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16
Q

What type of joint?
Have synovial cavity and many other components such as
ligaments.

A

Synovial joints

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17
Q

7 Structures of Synovial Joints:

A

1) Synovial cavity
2) Articular cartilage
3) Ligaments
4) Synovial membrane
5) Accessory ligaments
6) Articular discs
7) Bursae

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18
Q

What structure of the synovial joint?
-space containing fluid

A

Synovial cavity

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19
Q

What structure of the synovial joint?
-reduces friction between bones

A

Articular cartilage

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20
Q

What structure of the synovial joint?
-lie outside and inside the articular capsule

A

Accessory ligaments

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21
Q

What structure of the synovial joint?
-Allows articulating bones to fit more tightly

A

Articular disc

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22
Q

What structure of the synovial joint?
-sacs that contain synovial fluid and decrease friction

A

Bursae

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23
Q

DESCRIBE the function of tendons.

A

-Tough band of fibrous connective tissue
-Function to connect muscle to bone

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24
Q

DESCRIBE the function of cartilage.

A

-Covers ends of bones
-Absorbs shock
-Reduces friction

25
Q

DESCRIBE the function of bursa.

A

-Decreases friction in areas where friction can occur with movement.

26
Q

where is bursa located?

A

-skin and bone
-tendons and bones
-muscles and bones
-ligaments and bones

27
Q

what are the 3 different types of muscular tissue in the body?

A

1) Skeletal muscle
2) Cardiac muscle
3) Smooth muscle

28
Q

what type of muscle:
-Mostly movement of bones/body parts
-Stabilize body positions

A

Skeletal muscle

29
Q

what type of muscle:
-Heart only
-Develops pressure for blood flow

A

Cardiac muscle

30
Q

what type of muscle:
Largely located in GI tract

A

Smooth muscle

31
Q

Together these muscle systems have 4 major functions:

A

(1) Produce body movements
(2) Stabilize body positions
(3) Store and move substances
(4) Produce heat

32
Q

Together these muscle systems have 4 major functions:

A

(1) Produce body movements
(2) Stabilize body positions
(3) Store and move substances
(4) Produce heat

33
Q

Decrease in the angle between articulating bones

A

Flexion

34
Q

Increase in angle between articulating bones

A

Extension

35
Q

Bending beyond 180 degrees, such as moving humerus backwards behind the anatomical plane

A

Hyperextension

36
Q

Movement of bone away from the midline

A

Abduction

37
Q

Movement of bone toward the midline

A

Adduction

38
Q

Movement of distal end in a circle

A

Circumduction

39
Q

Bone revolves around its own longitudinal axis

A

Rotation

40
Q

Movement of the soles of the foot medially

A

Inversion

41
Q

Movement of the soles of the foot medially

A

Inversion

42
Q

Movement of the soles of the foot laterally

A

Eversion

43
Q

Bending foot toward the dorsum (standing on heels)

A

Dorsiflexion

44
Q

Bending the foot toward the plantar surface (standing on toes)

A

Plantarflexion

45
Q

DESCRIBE the functions of ligaments

A

-connect bone to bone

46
Q

DESCRIBE the function of tendons

A

-connect muscle to bone

47
Q

DESCRIBE the function of cartilage

A

-reduces friction, absorbs shock

48
Q

DESCRIBE the function of bursa

A

Decreases friction in areas where friction can occur with movement.

49
Q

DEFINE the basic functions of skeletal muscle

A

-Movement of bones/body parts
-Stabilize body positions

50
Q

What part of the bone reduces friction?

A

Articular cartilage

51
Q

What part of the bone produces blood cells?

A

Red bone marrow

52
Q

What part of the bone lines the medullary cavity?

A

Endosteum

53
Q

What are 2 examples of fibrous joints? & where are they located?

A

-sutures: between skull bones
-interosseous membrane: between long bones

54
Q

Which joint allows flexion and extension only?

A

Hinge joints

55
Q

What are the 3 types of muscular tissue in the body?

A

1) Skeletal muscle
2) Cardiac muscle
3) Smooth muscle

56
Q

What muscle is found only in the heart, and develops pressure for blood flow?

A

Cardiac muscle

57
Q

What muscle is located largely in the GI tract?

A

Smooth muscle

58
Q

What are the 4 functions of the muscle systems?

A

1) produce body movements
2) stabilize body positions
3) store and move substances
4) produce heat

MSK (10 decks)

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