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MSK > REVIEW > Flashcards

REVIEW Flashcards

1
Q

6 major functions of the skeletal system

A

1 Support
2 Protect
3 Movement
4 Mineral Homeostasis
5 Blood Cell Production
6 Triglyceride Storage

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2
Q

Where does red blood cell production occur?

A

Red bone marrow

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3
Q

Where does triglyceride storage occur?

A

Yellow bone marrow

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4
Q

What are the 3 parts of a long bone?

A

1 Diaphysis
2 Epiphysis
3 Metaphysis

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5
Q

Which cells are bone building cells?

A

Osteoblasts

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6
Q

Which cells maintain bone and exchange nutrients and waste?

A

Osteocytes

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7
Q

Which cells digest bone matrix for bone turnover?

A

Osteoclasts

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8
Q

3 types of joints?

A

1 Fibrous
2 Cartilaginous
3 Synovial

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9
Q

Examples of fribrous joints?

A

skull

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10
Q

Examples of cartilagnous joints?

A

pelvis

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11
Q

Examples of synovial joints?

A

knee, elbow

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12
Q

Ligaments attach what?

A

bone to bone

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13
Q

Tendons attach what?

A

muscle to bone

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14
Q

What are Bursa? Function?
Between what?

A

fluid filled sacs that reduce friction
skin and bone
tendon and bone
muscle and bone
ligaments and bone

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15
Q

What are the 3 functions of cartilage?

A

1 covers ends of bone
2 absorbs shock
3 reduces friction

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16
Q

4 major functions of muscles?

A

1 body movements
2 stabilize position
3 store & move substances
4 produce heat

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17
Q

How many vertebrae in:
Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Coccyx

A

C: 7
T: 12
L: 5
C: 4

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18
Q

Which vertebrae have lordotic curvature?

A

cervical & lumbar

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19
Q

Which vertebrae have kyphotic curvature?

A

thoracic & sacral

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20
Q

Which vertebrae have faucets for rib articulation?

A

Thoracic

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21
Q

Which are true ribs?

A

1-7

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22
Q

Which are false ribs?

A

8-10

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23
Q

Which are floating ribs?

A

11-12

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24
Q

Where does the clavicle articulate medially?

A

sternum

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25
Q

Where does the clavicle articulate laterally?

A

acromion

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26
Q

What are the 4 muscles of the rotator cuff?

A

1 Supraspinatus
2 Infraspinatus
3 Teres Minor
4 Subscapularis

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27
Q

Which muscle of the rotator cuff deals with internal rotation?

A

Subscapularis

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28
Q

What is at the proximal aspect of the ulna?

A

olecranon

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29
Q

How are metacarpals and phalanges numbered?

A

1-5 starting with the thumb or great toe

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30
Q

AC injury with complete
separation of the clavicle from acromion, what type?

A

Type III

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31
Q

Likely Dx?
-Gradual onset of anterior and lateral shoulder pain exacerbated by overhead activity
-Night pain and difficulty sleeping on affected side
-POS Neer’s
-POS Hawkin’s

A

Shoulder Impingement

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32
Q

Likely Dx?
-Chronic shoulder pain for several months
-Specific injury that triggered pain
-Night pain and difficulty sleeping on the affected side
-Complaints of weakness, catching and grating especially overhead activities
-Positive Drop Arm test
-Positive Empty Can tests

A

Rotator Cuff Tear

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33
Q

What test is helpful in diagnosing biceps tendonitis?

A

Speed’s Test

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34
Q

What are the 3 types of shoulder instability?

A

1 Dislocation
2 Instability
3 Subluxation

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35
Q

which shoulder instability is anterior, posterior, inferior or multidirectional glenohumeral laxity due to traumatic or atraumatic pathology?

A

Instability

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36
Q

which shoulder instability is humeral head partially slips out of socket with spontaneous
reduction?

A

Subluxation

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37
Q

which shoulder instability is humeral completely slips out of glenoid fossa with spontaneous reduction or sometimes requiring manual manipulation?

A

Dislocation

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38
Q

What are the 3 main phases of Adhesive Capsulitis?

A

1 Diffuse
2 Stiffness
3 Recovery

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39
Q

How long does the diffuse phase last?

A

2-9 months

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40
Q

How long does the stiffness phase last?

A

4-12 months

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41
Q

How long does the recovery phase last?

A

5-24 months

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42
Q

Which Epicondylitis is also called Tennis Elbow?

A

Lateral tendinosis

43
Q

Which Epicondylitis is also called Golfer’s elbow or bowler’s elbow?

A

Medial tendinosis

44
Q

Cubital tunnel syndrome & Median nerve compression usually occurs in the…?

A

wrist/hand

45
Q

Cubital Tunnel Syndrome is compression of what nerve?

A

Ulnar Nerve

46
Q

What special test is used to Dx Cubital Tunnel Syndrome?

A

Tinel Sign

47
Q

Varus Stress Test evaluates the integrity of what collateral ligament?

A

Lateral

48
Q

Valgus Stress evaluates the integrity of what collateral ligament?

A

Medial

49
Q

For any pt w/ a fracture what should you always assess?

A

Neurovascular status

50
Q

What special test would be positive for a pt w/ de Quervain Tenosynovitis?

A

Positive Finkelstein

51
Q

Tx for de Quervain Tenosynovitis?

A

-NSAIDs
-spica splint
-light duty

52
Q

In “Jersey Finger” what tendon is torn?

A

Flexor digitorum profundus

53
Q

In Mallet Finger what tendon is torn?

A

Extensor tendon

54
Q

In Boutonniere Deformity what tendon is torn?

A

Extensor tendon

55
Q

What finger injury appears flexed at the DIP?

A

Mallet finger

56
Q

What finger injury is forcefully hyperextended?

A

Jersey finger

57
Q

How long is Mallet finger splinted for?

A

6-8 weeks

58
Q

What are the 3 bones that make up the pelvis?

A

1 ilium
2 ischium
3 pubis

59
Q

which 2 bones make up the obturator foramen?

A

ischium & pubis

60
Q

The head of what bone articulates with the acetabulum?

A

Femur

61
Q

What articulates with the patella and tibia at the distal end?

A

Femur

62
Q

What bone forms the medial malleolus at the distal end?

A

Tibia

63
Q

What bone forms the lateral malleolus at the distal end?

A

Fibula

64
Q

What are the most common types of hip dislocations?

A

Posterior

65
Q

In a posterior hip dislocation how is the hip fixed?

A

adducted and internally rotated

66
Q

In an anterior hip dislocation how is the hip fixed?

A

abducted and externally rotated

67
Q

Fracture of the femoral shaft is mostly caused by what?

A

high energy trauma

68
Q

What films should be obtained for a femoral shaft fracture?

A

hip, knee, pelvis, and femur

69
Q

If pt complains of lateral hip pain what is the likely Dx?

A

Trochanteric Bursitis

70
Q

ACL tear is usually caused by what kind of force?

A

twisting/hyperextension

71
Q

What special tests can be done for suspected ACL tear?

A

Anterior drawer & Lachman

72
Q

What are the 4 injury patterns for a PCL tear?

A

1 Dashboard injury
2 Hyperflexion injury
3 Hyperextension injury
4 Fall on a flexed knee

73
Q

What Special Tests may be positive for a PCL tear?

A

Posterior Drawer
Sag Test

74
Q

A Grade III LCL tear make require what tx?

A

Surgery

75
Q

Prepatellar bursitis effects what aspect of the knee?

A

anterior

76
Q

Pes anserine bursitis effects what aspect of the knee?

A

medial

77
Q

Meniscal tear may require urgent ortho evaluation if what occurs?

A

“Bucket handle tear” causes locked knee

78
Q

If pt is suspected of having Popliteal Cyst (Baker cyst) you should rule out what?

A

DVT

79
Q

What’s the best imaging to rule out DVT?

A

Ultrasound

80
Q

What is characterized by pain and swelling at the tibial tubercle?

A

Osgood Schlatter

81
Q

Which one goes away with rest, shin splints or tibial stress fractures?

A

shin splints

82
Q

What are the 7 P’s of compartment syndrome?

A

1 Pain
2 Pallor
3 Paresthesia
4 Paresis
5 Poikilothermic
6 Pressure
7 Pulselessness

83
Q

Acute vs Exertional Compartment Syndrome?

A

Acute- sudden results from trauma
Exertional- occurs gradually, chronic, prolonged

84
Q

Which Compartment Syndrome Acute or Exertional, is a medical emergency requiring surgery?

A

Acute

85
Q

What are the 7 risk factors for Achilles Tendon Rupture?

A

1 Athletes
2 30-40y/o
3 Male
4 Obesity
5 Running issues
6 Fluoroquinolone use
7 Rheumatologic dx

86
Q

Positive Anterior Drawer Test would indicate what type of ankle sprain?

A

ATFL

87
Q

Positive Talar Tilt Test would indicate what type of ankle sprain?

A

CFL

88
Q

Describe what fracture?
-The second metatarsal “keys” into a slot in the cuneiforms and is the stabilizing apex for the other tarsometatarsal joints

A

Lisfranc Fracture

89
Q

T/F
Even a minimally displaced Lisfranc Fracture requires surgery?

A

True

90
Q

An AP radiograph shows the second metatarsal base has shifted laterally, what is this?

A

Lisfranc Fracture

91
Q

What creates hallux valgus which is lateral deviation of the great toe at MTP joint?

A

Bunion

92
Q

Pt complains they feel as though they are “walking on a marble” or that there is “a wrinkle in my socks”.
What’s the likely Dx?

A

Morton Neuroma

93
Q

Pt complains pain is often most severe on awakening walking the first few steps.
What’s the likely Dx?

A

Plantar Fasciitis

94
Q

Hyperextension injury of the first metatarsal

A

Turf Toe

95
Q

Pathologic process affecting the nerve root

A

Radiculopathy

96
Q

Clinical condition that involves neck, shoulder, or arm pain

A

Cervical Radiculopathy

97
Q

What special test can be used for Dx Cervical Radiculopathy?

A

Spurling Test

98
Q

T/F
Cervical Strain is usually self-limiting and will heal on its own?

A

True

99
Q

Cervical strain is commonly from what MOI?

A

whiplash

100
Q

What are the 3 Red Flags for LBP?

A

1) Saddle anesthesia
2) Loss of bowel/bladder function
3) Lower extremity weakness

101
Q

What is our 3 goals of tx for Scoliosis?

A

(1) Improve function
(2) Quality of life
(3) Stamina improvement

102
Q

What part of the scapula is considered the tip of the shoulder?

A

Acromion

103
Q

Which muscle of the rotator cuff helps with internal rotation?

A

Subscapularis

MSK (10 decks)

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