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Genitourinary > Structural and Functional Organization of the Male Reproductive System > Flashcards

Structural and Functional Organization of the Male Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

what are the organs of the male reproductive system?

A

testes
the system of ducts (epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory ducts, and urethra)
accessory sex glands (seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbourethral glands)
supporting structures ( scrotum and penis)

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2
Q

the production of sperm are optimal at what temperature?

A

2-3 degrees below normal body temperature

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3
Q

what are the pair of oval glands that develop on the embryos posterior abdominal wall and descend into the scrotum in the seventh month of fetal development?

A

testes

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4
Q

what is the dense fibrous capsule that extend inward and divides each testis into compartments?

A

lobules

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5
Q

each of the 200-300 lobules contains one to three tightly coiled ___________ that produce sperm by a process called spermatogeneis.

A

seminiferous tubules.

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6
Q

what cells are located between the developing sperm cells into seminiferous tubules, support, protect, and nourish spermatogenic cells, phagocytize degenerating spermatogenic cells, secrete fluid and transport, release hormone inhibin, and regulate sperm production?

A

Sertoli cells or sustentacular cells

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7
Q

which cells secrete testosterone? where are they located?

A

leydig cells. located between seminiferous tubules.

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8
Q

what is a hormone that promotes the development of masculine characteristics called?

A

androgen

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9
Q

what is the most important androgen, and promotes a mans libido?

A

testosterone

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10
Q

what is the process called by which seminiferous tubules of the testes produce sperm?

A

spermatogenesis

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11
Q

what are the three stages of spermatogenesis?

A

meiosis I, meiosis II, and spermiogenesis.

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12
Q

how much sperm is produced a day?

A

300 million

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13
Q

most sperm do not survive more than _____ hours in the female reproductive tract

A

48 hrs.

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14
Q

what part of the sperm contains the nucleus?

A

the head

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15
Q

what is the vesicle on top of sperm containing enzymes that aid in penetration by sperm into a secondary oocyte?

A

arcosome

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16
Q

what part of the sperm tail has mitochondria and provide ATP for locomotion?

A

the middle piece

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17
Q

At the onset of puberty, neurosecretory cells in the ________ increase their secretion of GnRH?

A

hypothalamus

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18
Q

which hormone stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to increase secretion of luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone?

A

gonadotropin releasing hormone

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19
Q

what is a comma shaped organ that lies along the posterior border of the testis?

A

the epididymis

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20
Q

the ductus epididymis is the site of _____ maturation.

A

sperm

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21
Q

what helps store sperm and helps propel them during sexual arousal by peristaltic contraction of its smooth muscle in the the ductus vans deferens?

A

epididymis

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22
Q

how long can sperm remain stored in the epididymis?

A

several months

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23
Q

beyond the epididymis, the ductus epididymis becomes less convoluted, it’s diameter increases and its called ___________ ?

A

ductus or vans deferens

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24
Q

how many layers of muscle does the vans deferens have?

A

three

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25
Q

what conveys sperm from the epididymis towards the urethra during sexual intercourse?

A

the vans deferens

26
Q

What is the site of sperm maturation?

A

ductus epididymis

27
Q

what is a supporting structure of the male reproductive system that accompanies the ductus deferens as it ascends in the scrotum?

A

spermatic cord (contains blood vessels, autonomic nerves, and lymphatic vessels)

28
Q

what is formed by the union of the duct from the ductus deferens and the seminal vesicles?

A

ejaculatory duct

29
Q

what does the urethra pass through?

A

prostate, deep perineal muscles, and penis.

30
Q

what is the opening to the urethra called?

A

external urethral orifice

31
Q

what secretes most of the liquid portion of semen?

A

accessory sex glands

32
Q

what are pouch like structures lying posterior to the base o the urinary bladder and anterior to the rectum?

A

seminal vesicles

33
Q

seminal vesicles secrete what kind of fluid?

A

alkaline, viscous fluid that contains fructose, prostaglandins, and clotting products.

34
Q

what is the fructose secreted by the seminal vesicles used for?

A

ATP production by sperm

35
Q

what contributes to sperm motility and viability and may also stimulate muscular contraction within the female reproductive tract?

A

prostaglandins

36
Q

fluid secreted by this accessory sex gland constitutes 60% of volume of semen?

A

seminal vesicles.

37
Q

what is secreted by the prostate and what is contained in it?

A

a milky, slightly acidic fluid (ph 6.5). contains citric acid (used for ATP via Krebs cycle) acid phosphatase, and several protein digesting enzymes.

38
Q

prostate secretions make up what percentage of the volume of semen?

A

25%

39
Q

what is the about the size of peas, inferior to the prostate, either side of the urethra?

A

bulbourethral glands

40
Q

what do bulbourethral glands secrete?

A

mucus that lubricates the end of the penis and the lining of the urethra, decreasing the number of sperm damaged during ejaculation.

41
Q

what is semen a mixture of?

A

sperm and secretions of seminal vesicles, prostate, and bulbourethral glands.

42
Q

what is the volume of semen in a typical ejaculation?

A

2.5 to 5 milliliters. 50-150 million sperm per milliliter.

43
Q

what is the numerical value of semen in an infertile male?

A

20 million per milliliter

44
Q

why does semen have a slightly alkaline ph? (7.2-7.7)

A

despite the acidity of prostatic fluid, it’s alkaline due to higher pH and large fluid from seminal vesicles.

45
Q

what gives semen its milky appearance?

A

prostatic secretions

46
Q

what gives semen a sticky consistency?

A

fluids from the seminal vesicles and bulbourethral glands.

47
Q

why does semen have an antibiotic?

A

to control the abundance of naturally occurring bacteria in the semen and in the lower female reproductive tract.

48
Q

what does the penis consist of?

A

root, body, and glans penis

49
Q

what is the body of the penis composed of?

A

three cylindrical masses of tissue

50
Q

what are the two dorsolateral masses called on the penis?

A

corpora cavernosa penis

51
Q

what is the smaller midventral mass called that contains the urethra?

A

the corpus spongiosum

52
Q

what impulses release neurotransmitters of local hormones, including gas nitric oxide?

A

parasympathetic system

53
Q

what coordinates the release of semen from the urethra to the exterior?

A

sympathetic reflex coordinated by the lumbar portion of the spinal cord.

54
Q

what happens as part of the ejaculatory relfex?

A

the smooth muscle sphincter at the base of the urinary bladder closes.

55
Q

_____ stimulates leydig cells to secrete hormone testosterone?

A

Luteinizing hormone

56
Q

what does testosterone suppress?

A

secretion of LH by anterior pituitary and secretion of GnRH by the hypothalamus.

57
Q

what acts together to stimulate spermatogenesis?

A

FSH and testosterone

58
Q

once the degree of spermatogenesis required for male reproductive functions has been achieved, what cells release inhibin?

A

Sertoli cells.

59
Q

what is inhibin named for?

A

its inhibition of FSH secretion by the anterior pituitary

60
Q

what cells secrete inhibin

A

sertoli cells

Genitourinary (17 decks)

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