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GU Female > STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM > Flashcards

STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF THE FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

True/False

The mammary glands are not considered part of the female reproductive system.

A

False

Is considered

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2
Q

The organs of the female reproductive system

A

-the ovaries
-the uterine (fallopian) tubes, (or oviducts);
-the uterus;
-the vagina;
*external organs
which are collectively called the vulva, or pudendum

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3
Q

________ are paired organs that produce secondary oocytes and hormones, such as progesterone and estrogens, inhibin, and relaxin

A

The ovaries (egg receptacles)

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4
Q

The ovaries arise from the same embryonic tissue as the _____
They are the size and shape of what?

A
  • testes

- unshelled almonds

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5
Q

______ is a layer of simple epithelium that covers the surface of the ovary

A

The germinal epithelium

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6
Q

what is the region of dense connective tissue that contains ovarian follicles?

A

ovarian cortex

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7
Q

What consists of an oocyte and a variable number of surrounding cells that nourish the developing oocyte.

A

ovarian follicle (folliculus little bag)

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8
Q

What is a mature follicle

A

graafian

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9
Q

remnants of the ovulated follicle develops in to a what?

A

corpus luteum

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10
Q

corpus luteum (the Yellow Body) produces what hormones?

A

progesterone
estrogens
relaxin
inhibin

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11
Q

True/False

When the Corpus luteum degenerates into a CORPUS ALBICANS if produces more hormones.

A

False

it stops producing hormones

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12
Q

What is a region deep to the ovarian cortex that consists of loose connective tissue and contains blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and nerves

A

The ovarian medulla

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13
Q

The follicle enlarges until it is a mature (graafian) follicle, a large, fluid-filled follicle that is preparing to rupture and expel a ________

A

secondary oocyte

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14
Q

What transports the secondary oocytes from the ovaries to the uterus

A

uterine (fallopian) tubes

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15
Q

The open, funnel shaped end of each tube, the ________, lies close to the ovary, but is open to the pelvic cavity.

A

infundibulum

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16
Q

Uterine Tubes

The infundibulum ends in a fringe of fingerlike projections called what?

A

Fimbriae

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17
Q

From the infundibulum, uterine tubes extend medially attaching where?

A

the upper and outer comers of the uterus

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18
Q

After ovulation, local currents produced by movements of the _______, which surround the surface of the mature follicle just before ovulation occurs, sweep the secondary oocyte into the uterine tube.

A

fimbriae

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19
Q

The oocyte is then moved along the tube by _____ in the tube’s mucous lining and _______ of its smooth muscle layer.

A
  • cilia

- peristaltic contractions

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20
Q

Where is the usual site for fertilization of a secondary oocyte by a sperm cell?

A

Uterine Tube

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21
Q

How long is the window for feralization after ovulation?

A

24h

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22
Q

The fertilized ovum is also known as what?

A

Zygote

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23
Q

The fertilized ovum (zygote) descends into the uterus within ____ days.

What happens to unfertilized secondary oocytes?

A
  • seven days

- disintegrate

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24
Q

________ serves as part of the pathway for sperm deposited in the vagina to reach the uterine tubes.

-also the site of implantation of a fertilized ovum, development of the fetus during pregnancy, and labor

A

The uterus (womb)

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25
Q

the uterus is situated between the _______ and ________ and is shaped like an inverted pear.

A

urinary bladder and the rectum

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26
Q

Parts of the uterus include

1) the dome shaped portion superior to the uterine tubes:
2) the tapering central portion:
3) the narrow portion opening into the vagina:

A

1) Fundus
2) Body
3) Cervix

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27
Q

What are the layers of the uterus?

A

the endometrium
the myometrium,
Perimetrium

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28
Q

The vagina is situated between the urinary bladder and the rectum. A recess, called the _______, surrounds the cervix.

A

fornix

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29
Q

The mucosa of the vagina contains large stores of ______, the decomposition of which produces organic acids

A

glycogen

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30
Q

What is the diamond-shaped area between the thighs and buttocks of both males and females that contains the external genitals and anus

A

The perineum

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31
Q

what refers to the external genitals of the female?

A

vulva, or pudendum

32
Q

________ is an elevation of adipose tissue covered by coarse pubic hair, which cushions the pubic symphysis

A

The mons pubis

33
Q

In females, the _______ develop from the same embryonic tissue that the scrotum develops from in males.

A

labia majora

34
Q

True/False

The labia majora contains adipose tissue and sebaceous (oil) and sudoriferous (sweat) glands.

A

True

35
Q

Medial to the labia majora are two folds of skin called the

A

labia minora

36
Q

true/false
The labia minora contains pubic hair and fat and have a few sudoriferous (sweat) glands; they do contain numerous sebaceous (oil) glands.

A

false does not contain pubic hair and fat

37
Q

_______ is a small cylindrical mass of erectile tissue and nerves. It is located at the anterior junction of the labia minora

A

The clitoris

38
Q

The exposed portion of the clitoris is the ______

A

glans

39
Q

A layer of skin called the ______, also known as the foreskin, is formed at a point where the labia minora unite and cover the body of the clitoris.

A

prepuce

40
Q

The region between the labia minora is called the

A

vestibule

41
Q

The male’s prostate develops from the same embryonic tissue as the female’s ________ glands

A

paraurethral glands (Skene glands)

42
Q

On either side of the vaginal orifice itself are the ________ glands

A

greater vestibular (Bartholin glands),

43
Q

What glands produce a small quantity of mucus during sexual arousal and intercourse that adds to cervical mucus and provides lubrication?

A

greater vestibular glands

Bartholin glands

44
Q

The mammary glands located in the breasts, are modified _____________ glands that produce milk.

A

sudoriferous (sweat)

45
Q

Internally, each mammary gland consists of __#_____ lobes arranged radially and separated by adipose tissue and strands of connective tissue called_______, which support the breast.

A
  • 15 to 20 lobes

- suspensory ligaments of the breast (Cooper’s ligaments)

46
Q

In each lobe are smaller lobules, in which milk secreting glands called ________ are found.

A

alveoli

47
Q

With the onset of puberty, under the influence of what hormones, will the female breasts begin to develop?

A

estrogens and progesterone

48
Q

The functions of the mammary glands are what?

What are these functions called?

A
  • synthesis, secretion, and ejection of milk

- Lactation

49
Q

Milk production is stimulated largely by the hormone __________ from the anterior pituitary .
What are the contributory hormones?

A
  • prolactin

- contributions from progesterone and estrogens

50
Q

The ejection of milk is stimulated by what hormone?

where is this released?

A
  • Oxytocin

- posterior pituitary

51
Q

Hormones secreted from where control the main events of Oogenesi

A
  • hypothalamus,
  • anterior pituitary
  • ovaries
52
Q

Each cycle takes about a ______ and involves both oogenesis and preparation of the uterus to receive a fertilized ovum.

A

a month

53
Q

what is the formation and development of gametes in females?

A

Oogenesis

54
Q

The general term female reproductive cycle encompasses what?

A
  • the ovarian and uterine cycles
  • the hormonal changes that regulate them
  • the related cyclical changes in the breasts and cervix
55
Q

Hormonal Regulation of the Female Reproductive Cycle

_________________ secreted by the hypothalamus controls the ovarian and uterine cycles

A

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

56
Q

Hormonal Regulation of the Female Reproductive Cycle

GnRH stimulates the release of ________________ and _______________ from the anterior pituitary.

A
  • follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

- luteinizing hormone (LH)

57
Q

Hormonal Regulation of the Female Reproductive Cycle
_________________ stimulates the further development of ovarian follicles and their full secretion of estrogens.
_________________ initiates follicular growth and the secretion of estrogens by the growing follicles.

A
  • LH

- FSH

58
Q

At what part of the cycle?

LH triggers ovulation and then promotes formation of the corpus luteum, the reason for the name luteinizing hormone.

A

Mid-cycle

59
Q

Stimulated by LH, the corpus luteum produces and secretes what?

A
  • estrogens,
  • progesterone,
  • relaxin
  • inhibin.
60
Q

What hormone promotes the development and maintenance of female reproductive structures, feminine secondary sex characteristics, and the mammary glands?

A

Estrogen

61
Q

The _____________ characteristics include distribution of adipose tissue in the breasts, abdomen, mons pubis, and hips; a broad pelvis; and the pattern of hair growth on the head and body.

A

secondary sex

62
Q

What hormone stimulates protein synthesis, acting together with insulin-like growth factors, insulin, and thyroid hormones?

A

Estrogen

63
Q

What is probably the reason that women under age 50 have a much lower risk of coronary artery disease than do men of comparable age?

A

Estrogens lower blood cholesterol level,

64
Q

What hormone is secreted mainly by cells of the corpus luteum, acts together with estrogens to prepare and then maintain the endometrium for implantation of a fertilized ovum and to prepare the mammary glands for milk secretion.

A

Progesterone

65
Q

A small quantity of _____________ , produced by the corpus luteum during each monthly cycle, relaxes the uterus by inhibiting contractions of the myometrium.

A

relax.in

66
Q

During pregnancy, what produces much more relaxin, and it continues to relax uterine smooth muscle?

A

the placenta

67
Q

What is secreted by growing follicles and by the corpus luteum after
ovulation?
What does it do?

A

lnhibin

It inhibits secretion of FSH and, to a lesser extent, LH.

68
Q

The duration of the female reproductive cycle varies from ___ to __ days.
For discussion purposes, we assume a duration of ___ days and divide it into what four phases:

A
  • 24 to 36 days
  • 28 days

menstrual phase, the pre-ovulatory phase, ovulation, and the
postovulatory phase

69
Q

True/False

The phases of the menstrual phase happen at the same time

A

True

70
Q

The menstrual phase, also called menstruation or menses, lasts for roughly the first ____ days of the cycle.

A

five

71
Q

What marks the first day of a new cycle?

A

First day of menstruation

72
Q

Menstrual Phase

What happens in the ovaries?

A

several ovarian follicles grow and enlarge

73
Q

Menstrual Phase

Menstrual flow from the uterus consists of what?

A

50 to 150 mL of blood and tissue cells from the endometrium

74
Q

what phase?

The time between the end of menstruation and ovulation

A

Pre-ovulatory Phase

75
Q

The pre-ovulatory phase of the cycle accounts for most of the variation in cycle length. In a 28-day cycle, it lasts from days __ to __.

A

6 to 13

76
Q

______ is the rupture of the mature (graafian) follicle and the release of the secondary oocyte into the pelvic cavity, usually occurs on day 14 in a 28-day cycle.

A

Ovulation

GU Female (27 decks)

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