PHYSICAL EXAMINATION OF THE BREASTS AND AXILLA

Question 1

What are the 5 D’s in regards to the nipples?

Answer 1

Discharge, 
Depression or inversion,
Discoloration
Dermatologic changes, 
Deviation:

Question 2

Reinspect the breasts in what various positions?

Answer 2

(a) Seated, arms extended over head
(b) Seated, hands pressed against hips and shoulder
(c) Seated, and leaning forward from the waist

Question 3

Simultaneous bilateral inspection is necessary to detect what?

Answer 3

nipple retraction or

deviation.

Question 4

_________ changes are benign cyst formation caused by ductal enlargement is associated with a long follicular or luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. The lesion are filled with fluid and usually bilateral and multiple.

Answer 4

Fibrocystic changes

Question 5

are benign tumors composed of stromal and epithelial elements that
represent a hyperplastic or proliferative process. Account for the majority of breast tumors in young women

Answer 5

Fibroadenoma

Question 6

_________ is a response to local injury. A firm, irregular mass, often appearing as an area of discoloration.

Answer 6

Fat necrosis

Question 7

______________ and ________ are benign 2 to 3 cm tumors of the subareolar ducts that occur singly or in multiples. A common cause of serous or bloody nipple discharge.

Answer 7

Intraductal papillomas and papillomatosis

Question 8

______________ is a surface manifestation of underlying ductal carcinoma. A red, scaling, crusty patch forms on the nipple, areola, and surrounding skin. Lesions appear eczematous and usually unilateral.

Answer 8

Paget disease

Question 9

_____________ is a smooth, firm, mobile, tender disk of breast tissue located behind the areola in males. Caused by hormone imbalance; by testicular, pituitary or hormone secreting tumors; liver failure or antihypertensive meds.

Answer 9

Gynecomastia

Question 10

__________ inflammation of the sebaceous glands in the areola.

Answer 10

Retention cysts

Question 11

______________ is lactation not associated with childbearing and most commonly caused by pituitary tumors, Cushing’s syndrome and hypoglycemia, drugs such as phenothiazines, tricyclics, antidepressants and estrogen.

Answer 11

Galactorrhea

Question 12

______________ is inflammation and infection of the breast tissue characterized by sudden onset of swelling, tenderness, erythema, and heat; usually the result of a staph infection and most common in lactating women.

Answer 12

Mastitis

Question 13

______________ most commonly occur in menopausal women. The subareolar ducts become blocked with desquamating secretory epithelium, necrotic debris, and chronic inflammatory cells.

Answer 13

Mammary duct ectasia