STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF THE LOWER EXTREMITY MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

Question 1

The pelvic girdle include two hip (coxal) bones joined anteriorly at the ____ and posteriorly attached to the sacrum at the ____ joint

Answer 1

1. pubic symphisis

2. sacroiliac joint

Question 2

What is formed by two hip bones (pelvic girdle), the sacrum, and coccyx?

Answer 2

Pelvis

Question 3

Which pelvis is a broad region superior to the pelvic brim and contains abdominal organs?

Answer 3

False (greater) pelvis

Question 4

Which pelvis is a small region inferior to the pelvic brim that contains the urinary bladder and the internal reproductive organs?

Answer 4

True (lesser) pelvis

Question 5

The two hips bones are composed of what?

Answer 5

1. ilium
2. ischium
3. pubis

Question 6

What part of the hip bone is the largest most superior portion with landmarks including the ASIS and PSIS?

Answer 6

Ilium

Question 7

What part of the hip bone is the lowest posterior portion and known as the “sit bone”?

Answer 7

Ischium

Question 8

What part of the hip bone is the lower anterior portion?

Answer 8

Pubis

Question 9

What forms the socket for the head of the femur?

Answer 9

Acetabulum

Question 10

What is formed where the ilium, ischium, and pubis meet?

Answer 10

Acetabulum

Question 11

What is formed by the articulation of the ischium and the pubis?

Answer 11

Obturator foramen

Question 12

What is the largest foramen in the body?

Answer 12

Obturator foramen

Question 13

What muscles flex and rotate the thigh laterally?

Answer 13

1. Psoas major

2. Iliacus

Question 14

What muscle extends and rotates the thigh laterally and helps lock the knee in extension?

Answer 14

Gluteus maximus

Question 15

What muscle abducts and rotates the thigh medially?

Answer 15

Gluteus medius

Question 16

What muscle flexes and abducts the thigh at the hip joint and helps lock the knee in extension?

Answer 16

Tensor fascia latae

Question 17

What muscle adducts, rotates, and flexes the thigh at the hip joint?

Answer 17

Adductor longus

Question 18

What muscle adducts, flexes, rotates, and extends the thigh at the hip joint?

Answer 18

Adductor magnus

Question 19

What muscle controls external rotation of the thigh laterally and abduction?

Answer 19

Piriformis

Question 20

What muscles flexes and adducts the thigh?

Answer 20

Pectineus

Question 21

What bone of the lower extremities is very large and heavy and is the strongest bone in the body ?

Answer 21

Femur

Question 22

The head of what bone articulates with the acetabulum?

Answer 22

Femur

Question 23

What bone articulates with the patella and tibia at the distal end?

Answer 23

Femur

Question 24

What is the projection from the femur at the side of the tip and serves as the attachment site for some thigh and buttock muscles?

Answer 24

Greater trochanter

Question 25

What are the distal ends of the femur that articulates with the tibia?

Answer 25

Medial and lateral femoral condyles

Question 26

What bone articulates with the trochlea between the femoral condyles?

Answer 26

Patella

Question 27

What bone develops in the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle?

Answer 27

Patella

Question 28

What bones function is to provide the leverage for the quadriceps muscle and helps protect the knee?

Answer 28

Patella

Question 29

What is the larger, medial, weight bearing bone of the lower leg?

Answer 29

Tibia

Question 30

What is the attachment site for the patella ligament?

Answer 30

Tibial tuberosity

Question 31

True or False The lateral and medial condyles expands the tibial plateau at the proximal end

Answer 31

True

Question 32

What bone forms the medial malleolus at the distal end? | main articulation with the talus of the ankle

Answer 32

Tibia

Question 33

What bone has the fibular notch on the distal lateral side?

Answer 33

Tibia

Question 34

What is the non-weight bearing bone lateral to the tibia?

Answer 34

Fibula

Question 35

What bone attaches to the tibia via the interosseous membrane?

Answer 35

Fibula

Question 36

What forms the lateral malleolus at its distal end?

Answer 36

Fibula

Question 37

What ligament extends from the patella to the tibial tuberosity?

Answer 37

Patellar ligament

Question 38

What ligament strengthens the anterior surface of the knee?

Answer 38

Patellar ligament

Question 39

What ligament strengthens the medial aspect of the knee?

Answer 39

Medial collateral ligament (MCL)

Question 40

What ligament strengthens the lateral aspect of the knee?

Answer 40

Lateral collateral ligament (LCL)

Question 41

What ligament extends posteriorly and laterally from the tibia to the femur; limits hyperextension of the knee and presents anterior sliding of the tibia on the femur?

Answer 41

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

Question 42

What ligament extends anteriorly and medially from the tibia to the femur and prevents posterior sliding of the tibia on the femur?

Answer 42

Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

Question 43

What are the fibrocartilage discs that fit between the tibial and femoral condyles? Allows the bones to "fit" together more appropriately as they irregular in shape

Answer 43

Menisci

Question 44

What are sac filled structures filled with fluid and reduce friction?

Answer 44

Bursae

Question 45

The following bursae are located where? 1. prepatellar 2. pen anserine 3. infrapatellar 4. suprapatellar

Answer 45

knee

Question 46

What muscle adducts and medially rotates the thigh and flexes the leg at the knee?

Answer 46

Gracilis

Question 47

What muscles adduct the femur?

Answer 47

Adductor magnus/longus/pectineus

Question 48

What muscle extends the knee, flexes the hip and is located anterior to other quadriceps muscles?

Answer 48

Rectus feoris

Question 49

What muscles extend the knee?

Answer 49

Vastus lateralis, medialis, and intermedius

Question 50

What muscle flexes the knee, weakly flexes the hip, and abducts and laterally rotates the thigh?

Answer 50

Sartorius

Question 51

What muscles extends the thigh at the hip and flexes the leg at the knee joint?

Answer 51

1. Biceps femoris (hamstrings) 2. Semitendinosis 3. Semimembranosis

Question 52

What is formed by the distal end of the tibia and fibula?

Answer 52

Ankle mortis

Question 53

The tibia forms the ____ malleolus

Answer 53

medial malleolus

Question 54

The fibula forms the ____ malleolus

Answer 54

lateral malleolus

Question 55

What is known as the ankle bone?

Answer 55

Large talus

Question 56

What is known as the heel bone?

Answer 56

Calcaneus

Question 57

Ankle bones are also known as what?

Answer 57

Tarsals

Question 58

The cuboid is located on what side of the ankle?

Answer 58

lateral

Question 59

The navicular is located on what side?

Answer 59

medial

Question 60

What bones in the ankle are numbered 1-3 medial to lateral?

Answer 60

Cuneiforms

Question 61

True or False The metatarsals and phalanges are numbered 1-5 and consist of the base, body, and the head

Answer 61

True

Question 62

What ligaments in the lateral ankle extend from the talus to the fibula?

Answer 62

1. Anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL) | 2. Posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL)

Question 63

What ligament in the lateral ankle extends from the calcaneus to the fibula?

Answer 63

Calcaneofibular ligament (CFL)

Question 64

What ligaments in the ankle are four ligaments fused into one that connects the tibia to the talus, calcaneus, and navicular bones?

Answer 64

Deltoid ankle

Question 65

What muscle in the foot dorsiflexes and inverts the foot?

Answer 65

Tibialis anterior

Question 66

What muscle in the foot dorsiflexes and everts the foot and extends the toes?

Answer 66

Extensor digitorum longus

Question 67

What muscle in the foot plantarflexes and everts the foot?

Answer 67

Fibularis longus

Question 68

What muscle of the foot plantarflexes the foot and flexes the leg at the knee?

Answer 68

Gastrocnemius

Question 69

What muscle in the foot plantarflexes the foot?

Answer 69

Soleus

Question 70

What muscle in the foot plantarflexes and inverts the foot?

Answer 70

Tibialis posterior

Question 71

What muscle in the foot plantarflexes the foot and flexes the toes?

Answer 71

Flexor digitorum longus