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CLASS 22010 MSK > STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF THE LOWER EXTREMITY MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM > Flashcards

STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF THE LOWER EXTREMITY MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM Flashcards

1
Q

The pelvic girdle include two hip (coxal) bones joined anteriorly at the ____ and posteriorly attached to the sacrum at the ____ joint

A
  1. pubic symphisis

2. sacroiliac joint

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2
Q

What is formed by two hip bones (pelvic girdle), the sacrum, and coccyx?

A

Pelvis

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3
Q

Which pelvis is a broad region superior to the pelvic brim and contains abdominal organs?

A

False (greater) pelvis

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4
Q

Which pelvis is a small region inferior to the pelvic brim that contains the urinary bladder and the internal reproductive organs?

A

True (lesser) pelvis

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5
Q

The two hips bones are composed of what?

A
  1. ilium
  2. ischium
  3. pubis
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6
Q

What part of the hip bone is the largest most superior portion with landmarks including the ASIS and PSIS?

A

Ilium

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7
Q

What part of the hip bone is the lowest posterior portion and known as the “sit bone”?

A

Ischium

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8
Q

What part of the hip bone is the lower anterior portion?

A

Pubis

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9
Q

What forms the socket for the head of the femur?

A

Acetabulum

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10
Q

What is formed where the ilium, ischium, and pubis meet?

A

Acetabulum

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11
Q

What is formed by the articulation of the ischium and the pubis?

A

Obturator foramen

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12
Q

What is the largest foramen in the body?

A

Obturator foramen

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13
Q

What muscles flex and rotate the thigh laterally?

A
  1. Psoas major

2. Iliacus

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14
Q

What muscle extends and rotates the thigh laterally and helps lock the knee in extension?

A

Gluteus maximus

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15
Q

What muscle abducts and rotates the thigh medially?

A

Gluteus medius

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16
Q

What muscle flexes and abducts the thigh at the hip joint and helps lock the knee in extension?

A

Tensor fascia latae

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17
Q

What muscle adducts, rotates, and flexes the thigh at the hip joint?

A

Adductor longus

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18
Q

What muscle adducts, flexes, rotates, and extends the thigh at the hip joint?

A

Adductor magnus

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19
Q

What muscle controls external rotation of the thigh laterally and abduction?

A

Piriformis

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20
Q

What muscles flexes and adducts the thigh?

A

Pectineus

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21
Q

What bone of the lower extremities is very large and heavy and is the strongest bone in the body ?

A

Femur

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22
Q

The head of what bone articulates with the acetabulum?

A

Femur

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23
Q

What bone articulates with the patella and tibia at the distal end?

A

Femur

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24
Q

What is the projection from the femur at the side of the tip and serves as the attachment site for some thigh and buttock muscles?

A

Greater trochanter

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25
Q

What are the distal ends of the femur that articulates with the tibia?

A

Medial and lateral femoral condyles

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26
Q

What bone articulates with the trochlea between the femoral condyles?

A

Patella

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27
Q

What bone develops in the tendon of the quadriceps femoris muscle?

A

Patella

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28
Q

What bones function is to provide the leverage for the quadriceps muscle and helps protect the knee?

A

Patella

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29
Q

What is the larger, medial, weight bearing bone of the lower leg?

A

Tibia

30
Q

What is the attachment site for the patella ligament?

A

Tibial tuberosity

31
Q

True or False

The lateral and medial condyles expands the tibial plateau at the proximal end

A

True

32
Q

What bone forms the medial malleolus at the distal end?

main articulation with the talus of the ankle

A

Tibia

33
Q

What bone has the fibular notch on the distal lateral side?

A

Tibia

34
Q

What is the non-weight bearing bone lateral to the tibia?

A

Fibula

35
Q

What bone attaches to the tibia via the interosseous membrane?

A

Fibula

36
Q

What forms the lateral malleolus at its distal end?

A

Fibula

37
Q

What ligament extends from the patella to the tibial tuberosity?

A

Patellar ligament

38
Q

What ligament strengthens the anterior surface of the knee?

A

Patellar ligament

39
Q

What ligament strengthens the medial aspect of the knee?

A

Medial collateral ligament (MCL)

40
Q

What ligament strengthens the lateral aspect of the knee?

A

Lateral collateral ligament (LCL)

41
Q

What ligament extends posteriorly and laterally from the tibia to the femur; limits hyperextension of the knee and presents anterior sliding of the tibia on the femur?

A

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)

42
Q

What ligament extends anteriorly and medially from the tibia to the femur and prevents posterior sliding of the tibia on the femur?

A

Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)

43
Q

What are the fibrocartilage discs that fit between the tibial and femoral condyles?

Allows the bones to “fit” together more appropriately as they irregular in shape

A

Menisci

44
Q

What are sac filled structures filled with fluid and reduce friction?

A

Bursae

45
Q

The following bursae are located where?

  1. prepatellar
  2. pen anserine
  3. infrapatellar
  4. suprapatellar
A

knee

46
Q

What muscle adducts and medially rotates the thigh and flexes the leg at the knee?

A

Gracilis

47
Q

What muscles adduct the femur?

A

Adductor magnus/longus/pectineus

48
Q

What muscle extends the knee, flexes the hip and is located anterior to other quadriceps muscles?

A

Rectus feoris

49
Q

What muscles extend the knee?

A

Vastus lateralis, medialis, and intermedius

50
Q

What muscle flexes the knee, weakly flexes the hip, and abducts and laterally rotates the thigh?

A

Sartorius

51
Q

What muscles extends the thigh at the hip and flexes the leg at the knee joint?

A
  1. Biceps femoris (hamstrings)
  2. Semitendinosis
  3. Semimembranosis
52
Q

What is formed by the distal end of the tibia and fibula?

A

Ankle mortis

53
Q

The tibia forms the ____ malleolus

A

medial malleolus

54
Q

The fibula forms the ____ malleolus

A

lateral malleolus

55
Q

What is known as the ankle bone?

A

Large talus

56
Q

What is known as the heel bone?

A

Calcaneus

57
Q

Ankle bones are also known as what?

A

Tarsals

58
Q

The cuboid is located on what side of the ankle?

A

lateral

59
Q

The navicular is located on what side?

A

medial

60
Q

What bones in the ankle are numbered 1-3 medial to lateral?

A

Cuneiforms

61
Q

True or False

The metatarsals and phalanges are numbered 1-5 and consist of the base, body, and the head

A

True

62
Q

What ligaments in the lateral ankle extend from the talus to the fibula?

A
  1. Anterior talofibular ligament (ATFL)

2. Posterior talofibular ligament (PTFL)

63
Q

What ligament in the lateral ankle extends from the calcaneus to the fibula?

A

Calcaneofibular ligament (CFL)

64
Q

What ligaments in the ankle are four ligaments fused into one that connects the tibia to the talus, calcaneus, and navicular bones?

A

Deltoid ankle

65
Q

What muscle in the foot dorsiflexes and inverts the foot?

A

Tibialis anterior

66
Q

What muscle in the foot dorsiflexes and everts the foot and extends the toes?

A

Extensor digitorum longus

67
Q

What muscle in the foot plantarflexes and everts the foot?

A

Fibularis longus

68
Q

What muscle of the foot plantarflexes the foot and flexes the leg at the knee?

A

Gastrocnemius

69
Q

What muscle in the foot plantarflexes the foot?

A

Soleus

70
Q

What muscle in the foot plantarflexes and inverts the foot?

A

Tibialis posterior

71
Q

What muscle in the foot plantarflexes the foot and flexes the toes?

A

Flexor digitorum longus

CLASS 22010 MSK (12 decks)

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