STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF THE UPPER EXTREMITY MUSCULOSKELETAL SYSTEM

Question 1

How many cervical vertebrae are there?

Answer 1

7

Question 2

How many thoracic vertebrae are there?

Answer 2

12

Question 3

How many lumbar vertebrae are there?

Answer 3

5

Question 4

The coccyx has how many fused vertebrae?

Answer 4

4

Question 5

Lordotic curvature is cervical and ___ vertebrae

Answer 5

Lumbar

Question 6

Kyphotic curvature is ____ and sacral curves

Answer 6

Thoracic

Question 7

These are all included in the anatomy of what?

1. body
   a. disc-shaped anterior portion
2. vertebral arch
   a. posterior portion
   b. with the body creates a hole called vertebral foramen
3. processes extending from the arch
   a. transverse process extending laterally on each side
   b. spinous process extending dorsally
   c. two each of superior and inferior articular processes that form joints with other vertebrae

Answer 7

Vertebral anatomy

Question 8

What are the thoracic vertebrae?

Answer 8

T1-T12

a. larger than cervical
b. have facet for rib articulation

Question 9

What are the largest and strongest vertebrae?

Answer 9

Lumbar (L1-L5)

a. spinous processes are short, thick

Question 10

What is the foundation of the pelvic girdle?

Answer 10

Sacrum

a. S1-S5 fused into one unit
b. contain sacral foramina for nerves and blood vessels

Question 11

True or False

Four coccygeal vertebrae fused into one unit is called Coccyx

Answer 11

True

Question 12

What 3 things make up the sternum?

Answer 12

1. manubrium
2. body
3. xyphoid process

Question 13

What are the true ribs?

Answer 13

R1-R7

a. costal cartilage articulates directly with the sternum

Question 14

What are the false ribs?

Answer 14

R8-R10

a. articulate with the sternum bi cartilage of Rib 7

Question 15

What are the floating ribs?

Answer 15

R11-R12

a. do not articulate with the sternum at all

Question 16

The clavicle articulates with the sternum ____

Answer 16

Medially

Question 17

The clavicle articulates with the acromion _____

Answer 17

Laterally

Question 18

What is known as the “strut” between the scapula and sternum?

Answer 18

Clavicle

Question 19

What part of the shoulder is composed of the following?

1. spine
2. body
   a. vertebral border
   b. axillary border
3. acromion

Answer 19

Scapula

Question 20

What part of the scapula forms the “tip of the shoulder”?

Answer 20

Acromion

Question 21

What part of the scapula extends anteriorly and superiorly over the humeral head?

Answer 21

Acromion

Question 22

What provides an attachment sight for muscles and ligaments of the scapula?

Answer 22

Coracoid

Question 23

The following are all ligaments of what?

1. Acromioclavicular ligament
2. Coracoclavicular ligament
3. Coracoacromial ligament

Answer 23

Ligaments of the pectoral girdle

Question 24

What cavity is shallow, allowing only about 25% of humeral head to make contact and articulates with the head of the humerus to form the shoulder joint?

Answer 24

Glenoid Cavity

Question 25

What forms a ring around the glenoid cavity?

Answer 25

Glenoid labrum | 1. deepens the glenoid and provides more stability to the joint

Question 26

What are the muscles of the of the rotator cuff? (SITS)

Answer 26

1. Supraspinatus 2. Infraspinatus 3. Teres Minor 4. Subscapularis

Question 27

What muscle of the rotator cuff assists the deltoid in abduction of the humerus at the shoulder?

Answer 27

Supraspinatus

Question 28

What muscle of the rotator cuff helps external rotation of the humerus at the shoulder joint?

Answer 28

Infraspinatus

Question 29

What muscle of the rotator cuff helps extend the arm at shoulder and rotation of the arm externally?

Answer 29

Teres Minor

Question 30

What muscle of the rotator cuff helps with internal rotation of the arm at the shoulder?

Answer 30

Subscapularis

Question 31

What muscle abducts, flexes, and rotates the arm at the shoulder joint?

Answer 31

Deltoid

Question 32

What muscle is comprised of large multiple fibers that move the scapula multi-directionally?

Answer 32

Trapezius

Question 33

What muscle elevates the scapula and rotates downward?

Answer 33

Levator Scapula

Question 34

What muscle elevates and abducts the scapula, rotates it downward, and stabilizes it?

Answer 34

Rhomboid Major

Question 35

What muscle abducts and rotates the arm medially at the shoulder and flexes the arm at the shoulder joint?

Answer 35

Pectoralis Major

Question 36

What muscle extends, abducts, rotates the arm medially at the shoulder joint, and draws the arm downward and backwards?

Answer 36

Latissmus Dorsi

Question 37

What muscle extends the arm at the shoulder joint and assists with the adduction and rotation of the arm laterally?

Answer 37

Teres Major

Question 38

What muscle flexes and adducts the arm at the shoulder?

Answer 38

Coracobrachialis

Question 39

What are the three bones that comprise the elbow?

Answer 39

1. Humerus 2. Radius 3. Ulna

Question 40

The olecranon is the proximal aspect of the ulna, protected by the olecranon bursa, and is the medical term for what?

Answer 40

Elbow

Question 41

The elbow is a hinge joint and can perform what four specific movements?

Answer 41

1. flexion 2. extension 3. supination 4. pronation * *supination and pronation occur only at the elbow**

Question 42

What muscle flexes the arm at the shoulder and flexes and supinates the forearm at the elbow?

Answer 42

Biceps Brachii

Question 43

What two muscles flex the forearm at the elbow joint?

Answer 43

1. Brachialis | 2. Brachioradialis

Question 44

What muscle extends from the forearm at the elbow joint and extends the arm at the shoulder?

Answer 44

Triceps Brachii

Question 45

What muscle supinates the forearm?

Answer 45

Supinator

Question 46

What muscle pronates the forearm?

Answer 46

Pronator teres

Question 47

The following are all called what and are bones of which body part? 1. scaphoid 2. lunate 3. triquetrium 4. pisiform 5. trapezium 6. trapezoid 7. capitate 8. hamate

Answer 47

Carpals, bones of the wrist

Question 48

What are the intermediate structures between the fingers (phalanges) and the carpal bones of the wrist?

Answer 48

Metacarpals

Question 49

Each metacarpal is composed of what?

Answer 49

1. base (proximal) 2. body (shaft) 3. head (distal)

Question 50

What are the bones of the fingers referred to as?

Answer 50

Phalanges

Question 51

What joint is located on the first through the fifth digit of the hand?

Answer 51

Metacarpal Phalangeal Joint (MCP)

Question 52

What joints are located on the second through fifth digits of the hand?

Answer 52

1. Proximal Interphalangeal Joint (PIP) | 2. Distal Interphalangeal Joint (DIP)

Question 53

What muscle flexes and abducts the hand at the wrist?

Answer 53

flexor carpi radialis

Question 54

What muscle flexes and adducts the hand at the wrist?

Answer 54

flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 55

What muscle weakly flexes the hand at the wrist joint?

Answer 55

Palmaris

Question 56

What muscle flexes the hand at the wrist and flexes the phalanges of each finger at the PIP joint?

Answer 56

Flexor digitorum superficialis

Question 57

What muscle flexes the hand at the wrist and flexes the phalanges of each finger at the DIP joint?

Answer 57

Flexor digitorum profundus

Question 58

What muscle extends and abducts the hand at the wrist joint?

Answer 58

Extensor carpi radialis longus

Question 59

What muscle extends and adducts the hand at the wrist joint?

Answer 59

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Question 60

What muscle extends the hand at the wrist and extends the phalanges of each finger?

Answer 60

Extensor digitorum

Question 61

What nerve gives motor supply to most of the intrinsic hand muscles and gives sensation to the little finger and ½ of the ring finger? (excludes thenar muscle and two lumbricals on radial aspect)

Answer 61

Ulnar nerve

Question 62

What nerve affects the palmar and dorsal aspect of the first 3 and ½ fingers?

Answer 62

Median nerve

Question 63

What nerve affects the dorsum of the hand and lateral first 3 fingers and one half of the fourth finger?

Answer 63

Radial nerve