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Clin med neurology > Strokes > Flashcards

Strokes Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of a stroke

A

Neurological deficit to an acute focal injury of the CNS via a vascular cause

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2
Q

which type of stroke is most common

A

ischemic

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3
Q

What are common stroke symptoms

A

diplopia
aphasia
altered sensation
one sided weakness
impaired coordination
altered mental status
headache

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4
Q

If someone has a sudden focal neurologic deficit, what are you most concerned for

A

stroke

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5
Q

what is a lacunar infarction

A

infarct following atherothrombotic occlusion of a small artery

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6
Q

What does hypoperfusion of the brain mean

A

Not enough blood flow and oxygen to the brain… from shock or CPR

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7
Q

What is a paradoxical embolism

A

a patent PFO allows clots to bypass the lungs and enter the arterial pathway to the brain

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8
Q

If someone has a left MCA stroke, what symptoms would you expect

A

Right sided deficit
difficulty reading, writing, or calculating
aphasia

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9
Q

If someone has a Right MCA stroke, what symptoms would you expect

A

Left sided deficit
neglect of left visual field
spatial disorientation

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10
Q

If someone has a basilar stroke, what symptoms would you expect

A

motor/sensory loss in all 4 limbs
crossed signs
nystagmus
amnesia

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11
Q

What is the penumbra that is seen with a stroke

A

Salvageable brain area that is in the process of becoming ischemic

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12
Q

What is the most important point to ask with a stroke alert

A

the patients last known well time
*NOT the same as first seen abnormal

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13
Q

When can you give tpa for a stroke

A

If hemorrhage has been ruled out

and it is within 4 hours of symptom onset

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14
Q

What is the window that a thrombectomy can be done with a stroke

A

within 6 hours (24hrs in slow Progressor’s)

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15
Q

What is the general treatment for strokes

A

antiplatelets or high intensity statin

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16
Q

When is aspirin the treatment of choice for a stroke

A

when given early

17
Q

What does the HASBLED score tell you

A

estimates hemorrhagic risk

18
Q

What are some post stroke complications

A

stroke deficits
seizures
aspirations
pneumonia

19
Q

How long does it take for neuroplasticity to occur

A

roughly 3 months

20
Q

What is a TIA

A

warning sign of impending stroke

21
Q

what is a silent cerebral hemorrhage

A

focal collection of chronic blood products within that brain that is not caused by trauma and with no history of neurologic dysfunction

22
Q

What is an intraparenchymal hemorrhage

A

Rapidly developing signs of neurologic dysfunction that is not caused by trauma

23
Q

How would you treat an aneurysm that is <7cm

A

watch the progression

24
Q

If someone comes in complaining of having the worst headache of their life, what are you concerned for

A

subarachnoid hemorrhage from a burst aneurysm

25
Q

What are some complications with SAH

A

Recurrent bleeding
hyponatremia
sympathetic storming
hydrocephalus
vasospasm

26
Q

What are some ways you can treat an aneurysm

A

coil
clip
medication (ca+ channel blocker)

27
Q

What is a subdural hemorrhage usually a result of

A

head trauma

28
Q

If someone presents with decreased consciousness, slowed/slurred speech, imbalance, numbness, vision problems and hit their head recently, what are you concerned for

A

Subdural hemorrhage

29
Q

Where does an epidural hemorrhage occur

A

between the skull and the dura

30
Q

What is the most common source of an epidural hemorrhage

A

MCA from a skull fracture or other head trauma

31
Q

What is giant cell arteritis

A

inflammatory vasculitis

32
Q

What is a serious complication of giant cell arteritis

A

Irreversible vision loss

33
Q

What vascular disease process is linked to poly myalgia rheumatica

A

Giant cell arteritis

34
Q

How do you treat giant cell arteritis

A

high dose prednisone

Clin med neurology (12 decks)

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