neoplasms

Question 1

What does a carcinoma arise from

Answer 1

epithelial cells

Question 2

What group of cancers are most common

Answer 2

carcinoma

Question 3

What are the types of carcinomas

Answer 3

adenocarcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma
Basal cell carcinoma

Question 4

What do sarcomas arise from

Answer 4

connective tissue cells
-bone
-cartilage
-fat
-tendon/muscle

Question 5

What are the types of sarcomas

Answer 5

osteosarcoma
myosarcoma
chondrosarcoma
Liposarcoma

Question 6

What do blastomas arise from

Answer 6

Immature cells of the cell line “-blast”

Question 7

What are the types of blastomas

Answer 7

glioblastoma
hepatoblastoma
retinoblastoma

Question 8

What are the primary tumors that can arise in children only

Answer 8

Medulloblastomas
ependymomas

Question 9

What types of primary brain tumors can occur in adults only

Answer 9

Meningiomas

Question 10

Where in the brain are pediatric tumors typically found

Answer 10

infratentorial

Question 11

What is the most common malignant brain tumor in adults

Answer 11

Glioblastoma

Question 12

What is the most common benign brain tumor in adults

Answer 12

meningioma

Question 13

What WHO score is considered low grade

Answer 13

1 and 2

Question 14

What WHO score is considered high grade

Answer 14

3 and 4

Question 15

What is the gold standard when imaging a CNS neoplasm

Answer 15

MRI

Question 16

If a tumor enhances with contrast on CT, what is it indicative of

Answer 16

Chemo can get through the BBB

Question 17

what are some ways you can manage a CNS neoplasm

Answer 17

Control cerebral edema w/ steroids
-dexamethasone

ASM if applicable

CSF shunt hydrocephalus

Question 18

Which gender is more likely to have meningiomas

Answer 18

Women

Question 19

What are some common symptoms for neoplasms in the brain

Answer 19

Compression & destruction of healthy brain tissue

Production of hormones

tumor growth

Question 20

If prolactinoma is by the tumor, what symptoms will you see

Answer 20

amenorrhea & galactorrhea (F)

Gynecomastia & Low libido (M)

Question 21

If the tumor is in the frontal lobe, what symptoms will the patient have

Answer 21

hemiparesis
dysphagia
abulia
altered personality

Question 22

If a patient presents with imbalance/ataxia, hydrocephalus, and potential coma, where is the tumor in the brain

Answer 22

Cerebellum

Question 23

If a patient has a tumor in the temporal lobe, what symptoms will they have

Answer 23

auditory/olfactory hallucinations
Deja vu
Seizures
memory impairment
dysphasia
superior quad visual field cut

Question 24

If a patient has a tumor in the parietal lobe, what symptoms might they have

Answer 24

neglect
sensory loss
apraxia
agnosia
motor incoordination

Question 25

What is the supratentorial region of the brain

Answer 25

cerebral cortex

Question 26

Where is there infratentorial region of the brain

Answer 26

Cerebellum brainstem pituitary

Question 27

What are the types of brain cells in the body

Answer 27

neurons glandular cells neuroglial cells

Question 28

What is the function of a neuron

Answer 28

they communicate neurological info via electrical impulses

Question 29

What is the function of glandular cells

Answer 29

Secrete hormones (pineal / pituitary gland)

Question 30

What are the types of neuroglial cells

Answer 30

astrocytes oligodendrocytes Embryonic stem cells

Question 31

What do astrocytes do

Answer 31

Maintain BBB, nourish neurons, recycle NTs (star shaped)

Question 32

What do oligodendrocytes do

Answer 32

produce myelin to help transmit electrical impulses

Question 33

What are the different types of gliomas

Answer 33

astrocytomas brain stem gliomas ependymomas oligodendrogliomas

Question 34

What type of brain tumor is associated with drop metastases

Answer 34

Ependymomas

Question 35

What type of glioma, commonly present with seizures

Answer 35

Oligodendrogliomas

Question 36

What is a butterfly tumor

Answer 36

A tumor that crosses over the corpus collosum to the other hemisphere

Question 37

What is the biggest risk factor for a glioblastoma multiforme

Answer 37

Age (generally around 64)

Question 38

What is the prognosis for a glioblastoma

Answer 38

Roughly 15 months with maximal therapy

Question 39

What do meningiomas typically arise from

Answer 39

arachnoid mater of the meninges

Question 40

Where are meningiomas typically found

Answer 40

On the surface of the brain under the dura mater

Question 41

What is a hyperostosis

Answer 41

An irritated adjacent bone from a lesion irritating the area

Question 42

Where are schwannomas typically found

Answer 42

CN8

Question 43

How do you treat schwannomas

Answer 43

Surgery

Question 44

How large is a macro adenoma

Answer 44

>1cm

Question 45

What are schwannomas associated with

Answer 45

neurofibromatosis

Question 46

What symptoms do pituitary adenoma often have

Answer 46

Blindness in the outer halves of both R&L visual fields

Question 47

What is the most common pituitary adenoma

Answer 47

Prolactinoma

Question 48

What are the different pituitary adenomas

Answer 48

growth hormone secreting tumor Adrenocorticotropic Thyrotroph adenomas Gonadotroph

Question 49

What does growth hormone secreting adenoma generally cause

Answer 49

Gigantism (kids) Acromegaly (adults)

Question 50

What does adrenocorticotropic hormone secreting tumors cause

Answer 50

Excess cortisol which leads to cushings disease

Question 51

What are the symptoms of cushings disease

Answer 51

moon facies buffalo hump truncal obesity

Question 52

Where do most brain metastases come from

Answer 52

Lung Breast Melanoma

Question 53

What are the most frequent non-functional tumor

Answer 53

Gonadotroph derived adenoma

Question 54

What differential diagnosis do you have to rule out with brain metastases

Answer 54

infection abscess Demyelinating disease (MS) Primary brain tumor

Question 55

What are some complications that can arise from brain mets

Answer 55

Brain herniation seizures hydrocephalus

Question 56

What are some treatment options for brain mets

Answer 56

Surgical resection radiation (whole brain vs stereotactic) chemo immunotherapy