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Clin med neurology > Neurocognitive disorders > Flashcards

Neurocognitive disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is delirium

A

Transient, reversible cognitive impairment
w/ acute onset

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2
Q

What is impaired with delirium

A

attention
awareness
cognition

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3
Q

Which patients are more commonly effected by delirium

A

Older adults
inpatients (ICU)

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4
Q

What are the three main causes for delirium

A

Drugs
Dehydration
Infection

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5
Q

What are some mental status exam findings for delirium

A

Attention impairment
Confusion
Disorientation
Erratic/irregular behavior
Hyper / hypo arousal
Poor insight/judgment

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6
Q

What is the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria

A
  1. disrupted attention and awareness
  2. Develops over a short period and fluctuates
  3. Acute change in cognition
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7
Q

What is the sensitivity for the confusion assessment method

A

94-100%

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8
Q

What is the specificity of a confusion assessment method

A

90-100%

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9
Q

How do you treat delirium

A

treat the underlying cause

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10
Q

What is Wernicke’s encephalopathy

A

Acute neuropsychiatric disorder

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11
Q

If Wernicke’s encephalopathy is left untreated, what will happen

A

Korsakoffs syndrome

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12
Q

What is the most common cause of Wernicke’s encephalopathy

A

inadequate thiamine

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13
Q

Is wernicke’s encephalopathy reversible?
How about Korsakoff’s syndrome

A

Yes

No

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14
Q

What is the classic triad of symptoms for Wernicke’s encephalopathy

A

altered mental status
Gait ataxia
Opthalmoplegia

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15
Q

What ocular findings will be see with Wernicke’s encephalopathy

A

Nystagmus
CN palsies
Ptosis
Sluggish pupils
Anisorcoria

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16
Q

What on imaging is most specific to Wernicke’s encephalopathy

A

Mamillary body atrophy

17
Q

What are some treatments fir Wernicke’s encephalopathy

A

Cessation of ETOH
Thiamine replacement

*Must give thiamine prior to any glucose in alcoholics

18
Q

What characteristics will a patient have with Korsakoff syndrome

A

Antero/retrograde amnesia
Confabulation
Apathy
Preserved cognitive skills

19
Q

What is Crutzfeldt-Jakob disease similar to

A

mad cow disease

20
Q

What are the 3 forms of CJD

A

Sporadic (predominant)
Hereditary
Acquired

21
Q

How does CJD present

A

rapidly progressive dementia

22
Q

How do you get a definitive diagnosis of CJD

A

Histology via bx or autopsy

Clin med neurology (12 decks)

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