Neurocognitive disorders Flashcards
What is delirium
Transient, reversible cognitive impairment
w/ acute onset
What is impaired with delirium
attention
awareness
cognition
Which patients are more commonly effected by delirium
Older adults
inpatients (ICU)
What are the three main causes for delirium
Drugs
Dehydration
Infection
What are some mental status exam findings for delirium
Attention impairment
Confusion
Disorientation
Erratic/irregular behavior
Hyper / hypo arousal
Poor insight/judgment
What is the DSM-5 diagnostic criteria
- disrupted attention and awareness
- Develops over a short period and fluctuates
- Acute change in cognition
What is the sensitivity for the confusion assessment method
94-100%
What is the specificity of a confusion assessment method
90-100%
How do you treat delirium
treat the underlying cause
What is Wernicke’s encephalopathy
Acute neuropsychiatric disorder
If Wernicke’s encephalopathy is left untreated, what will happen
Korsakoffs syndrome
What is the most common cause of Wernicke’s encephalopathy
inadequate thiamine
Is wernicke’s encephalopathy reversible?
How about Korsakoff’s syndrome
Yes
No
What is the classic triad of symptoms for Wernicke’s encephalopathy
altered mental status
Gait ataxia
Opthalmoplegia
What ocular findings will be see with Wernicke’s encephalopathy
Nystagmus
CN palsies
Ptosis
Sluggish pupils
Anisorcoria
What on imaging is most specific to Wernicke’s encephalopathy
Mamillary body atrophy
What are some treatments fir Wernicke’s encephalopathy
Cessation of ETOH
Thiamine replacement
*Must give thiamine prior to any glucose in alcoholics
What characteristics will a patient have with Korsakoff syndrome
Antero/retrograde amnesia
Confabulation
Apathy
Preserved cognitive skills
What is Crutzfeldt-Jakob disease similar to
mad cow disease
What are the 3 forms of CJD
Sporadic (predominant)
Hereditary
Acquired
How does CJD present
rapidly progressive dementia
How do you get a definitive diagnosis of CJD
Histology via bx or autopsy
