Stroke Terms Flashcards by Jordan Turner

What is a CVA called? What is the definition?

“cerebrovascular accident” more commonly known as a stroke.
- defined as a disruption of normal blood flow to the brain resulting in oxygen deprivation.

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Stroke is the ____ leading cause of death.

3rd

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True of false:
The risk of a stroke increases with age and doubles every decade of life after age 55.

True

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What is a TIA called? What is the definition?

Transient Ischemic Attack
- a temporary interruption of blood flow to the brain (a.k.a. a mini stroke)

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True or False:
TIA’s produce symptoms of neurological deficit but with no evidence of neuro damage

True

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How long can symptoms of a TIA last?

Some may last a few minutes but not more than 24 hours

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True or False:
A TIA is often linked to narrowing or ulceration of the carotid arteries.

True

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A TIA is a warning of a possible cerebral or ________ _________

Myocardial infarction

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What is an infarction?

tissue death due to lack of oxygen

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True or False:
If left untreated, TIA’s pose a higher risk of future stroke

True

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What is the Circle of Willis?

the joining area of several arteries at the base (bottom) of the brain (the main blood flow of the brain)

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At the Circle of Willis, the internal carotid arteries branch into smaller arteries that supply oxygenated blood to over ___% of the cerebrum

80%

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What is an ischemic stroke?

(thrombosis) formation of a blood clot that blocks an artery in the brain (most common)

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What is a hemorrhagic stroke?

(aneurysm) rupture of an artery in the brain causing hemorrhage in to the subarachnoid space

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Do ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke victims have a higher chance of recovery/

hemorrhagic

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What is thrombus?

(stays in one spot) results from a blood clot forming within a blood vessel and remaining attached

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What is embolus?

(travels) a blood clot that sloughs off and travels to another part of the circulatory system

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True or False:
Thrombus and Embolus both occur in ischemic strokes.

True

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Ischemic strokes are __% of strokes while hemorrhagic strokes are ___% of strokes.

Ischemic: 85%
Hem: 15%

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________ is a major risk factor for hemorrhagic strokes.

Hypertension

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Why do hemorrhagic stroke victims have a higher chance of recovery?

It is more repairable as opposed to ischemic where in ischemic strokes, blood supply has been cut off leaving dead brain issue.

What is a subarachnoid hemorrhage?

Occurs on the surface of the brain.
- when a blood vessel on the brain’s surface ruptures and bleeds in to the space between the brain and skill, but not directly into the brain

What is a cerebral hemorrhage?

Occurs inside the brain
- bleeding within the brain (most common type)

What are the differences between aphasia, dysarthria, and dysphasia

Aphasia: trouble speaking/understanding language
Dysarthria: can’t move mouth properly
Dysphasia: difficulty swallowing due to lack of muscle control in the mouth

What is expressive aphasia?

can comprehend written and spoken word but has difficulty speaking

What is receptive aphasia?

can speak clearly but cannot produce the correct words for expression

What is global aphasia?

has problems associated with both expressive and receptive aphasia

What are the risk factors for stroke? (11)

- HIGH BP - smoking - age - previous stroke - inactivity - diabetes - coronary heart disease - CAD - high cholesterol - gender (males predom) - heredity

What do successful stroke recoveries depend on?

- early rehab - extent of brain injury - survivor's attitude - rehab team's skill level - support of family and significant others

What is the definition of flaccidity?

a state of areflexia, a total lack of muscle tone and volitional motor activity

In flaccidity, what muscles are weakened?

supraspinatus and medial deltoid, cannot keep humeral head in glenoid fossa

What is tPA?

tissue plasminogin activator - given for ischemic strokes - "clot buster" - recommended to give within 4.5hrs of symptom onset

What is the difference between spastic v.s. flaccid?

Spas: involuntary movements Flaccid: no muscle control

As stroke recovery evolves, ________ is often replaced with ________ (90% of cases)

flaccidity replaced with spasticity

True or False: With primitive tonic neck reflexes, the elbow extends when the head turns towards the affected side, and the elbow flexes when the head turns away

True

What does successful stroke recovery depend on? (5)

- early rehab intervention - extent of brain injury - survivor's attitude - rehab team skill level - support of family and sig nif others

What is a brain stem stroke?

Can result in functional loss in both hemispheres. Those who have a brain stem stroke usually require artificial life support. Many also lapse into a coma.

What are the three primary components of the brain?

1. Cerebrum 2. Cerebellum 3. Brain stem

What does the cerebrum do?

it's the largest and most advanced portion of the brain that controls numerous higher functions like speech, emotion, integretion of sensory stimuli

True or False: In the cerebrum, the left hemisphere controls functions in the right hemisphere, and the right hemisphere controls functions in the left hemisphere.

True

What divisions is the cerebrum composed of?

1. Frontal lobe 2. Parietal lobe 3. Temporal lobe 4. Occipital lobe

What does the frontal lobe do?

Planning, organizing, problem solving, and selective attention - the prefrontal cortex portion controls personality and emotions

What do the parietal lobes do?

contain the primary sensory cortex which controls sensation - damage to the left = lost ability to understand spoken or written language - damage to the right = causes visual/spacial deficits

What do the temporal lobes do?

provide the ability to differentiate smells and sounds, and regulate memory - right side = visual memory - left side = verbal memory

What does the occipital lobe do?

responsible for visual reception and contains association areas that help in the visual recognition of shapes and colors - damage to this area can cause visual deficits

What is the cerebellum and what does it do?

it is the second largest area of the brain - controls reflexes, balance, and certain aspects of coordination and movement

What is the brain stem and what does it do?

responsible for the automatic functions of: - breathing - digestion - heart beat - alertness and arousal

When does the patient see the most return of functional movement after a stroke and what is it due to?

30 days and spontaneous recovery

Maximal neurological recovery generally occurs within the first ___ weeks of recovery

12 weeks

True or False: Some patients will recover spontaneously, but all who do not continue to exercise permanently, tend to have functionally declined one year post stroke

True