Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

THY 414 Ex. Pres. Chronic Diseases > Stroke Terms > Flashcards

Stroke Terms Flashcards

1
Q

What is a CVA called? What is the definition?

A

“cerebrovascular accident” more commonly known as a stroke.
- defined as a disruption of normal blood flow to the brain resulting in oxygen deprivation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Stroke is the ____ leading cause of death.

A

3rd

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

True of false:
The risk of a stroke increases with age and doubles every decade of life after age 55.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is a TIA called? What is the definition?

A

Transient Ischemic Attack
- a temporary interruption of blood flow to the brain (a.k.a. a mini stroke)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

True or False:
TIA’s produce symptoms of neurological deficit but with no evidence of neuro damage

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How long can symptoms of a TIA last?

A

Some may last a few minutes but not more than 24 hours

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

True or False:
A TIA is often linked to narrowing or ulceration of the carotid arteries.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

A TIA is a warning of a possible cerebral or ________ _________

A

Myocardial infarction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is an infarction?

A

tissue death due to lack of oxygen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

True or False:
If left untreated, TIA’s pose a higher risk of future stroke

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the Circle of Willis?

A

the joining area of several arteries at the base (bottom) of the brain (the main blood flow of the brain)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

At the Circle of Willis, the internal carotid arteries branch into smaller arteries that supply oxygenated blood to over ___% of the cerebrum

A

80%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is an ischemic stroke?

A

(thrombosis) formation of a blood clot that blocks an artery in the brain (most common)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a hemorrhagic stroke?

A

(aneurysm) rupture of an artery in the brain causing hemorrhage in to the subarachnoid space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Do ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke victims have a higher chance of recovery/

A

hemorrhagic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is thrombus?

A

(stays in one spot) results from a blood clot forming within a blood vessel and remaining attached

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is embolus?

A

(travels) a blood clot that sloughs off and travels to another part of the circulatory system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

True or False:
Thrombus and Embolus both occur in ischemic strokes.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Ischemic strokes are __% of strokes while hemorrhagic strokes are ___% of strokes.

A

Ischemic: 85%
Hem: 15%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

________ is a major risk factor for hemorrhagic strokes.

A

Hypertension

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Why do hemorrhagic stroke victims have a higher chance of recovery?

A

It is more repairable as opposed to ischemic where in ischemic strokes, blood supply has been cut off leaving dead brain issue.

22
Q

What is a subarachnoid hemorrhage?

A

Occurs on the surface of the brain.
- when a blood vessel on the brain’s surface ruptures and bleeds in to the space between the brain and skill, but not directly into the brain

23
Q

What is a cerebral hemorrhage?

A

Occurs inside the brain
- bleeding within the brain (most common type)

24
Q

What are the differences between aphasia, dysarthria, and dysphasia

A

Aphasia: trouble speaking/understanding language
Dysarthria: can’t move mouth properly
Dysphasia: difficulty swallowing due to lack of muscle control in the mouth

25
Q

What is expressive aphasia?

A

can comprehend written and spoken word but has difficulty speaking

26
Q

What is receptive aphasia?

A

can speak clearly but cannot produce the correct words for expression

27
Q

What is global aphasia?

A

has problems associated with both expressive and receptive aphasia

28
Q

What are the risk factors for stroke? (11)

A
  • HIGH BP
  • smoking
  • age
  • previous stroke
  • inactivity
  • diabetes
  • coronary heart disease
  • CAD
  • high cholesterol
  • gender (males predom)
  • heredity
29
Q

What do successful stroke recoveries depend on?

A
  • early rehab
  • extent of brain injury
  • survivor’s attitude
  • rehab team’s skill level
  • support of family and significant others
30
Q

What is the definition of flaccidity?

A

a state of areflexia, a total lack of muscle tone and volitional motor activity

31
Q

In flaccidity, what muscles are weakened?

A

supraspinatus and medial deltoid, cannot keep humeral head in glenoid fossa

32
Q

What is tPA?

A

tissue plasminogin activator
- given for ischemic strokes
- “clot buster”
- recommended to give within 4.5hrs of symptom onset

33
Q

What is the difference between spastic v.s. flaccid?

A

Spas: involuntary movements
Flaccid: no muscle control

34
Q

As stroke recovery evolves, ________ is often replaced with ________ (90% of cases)

A

flaccidity replaced with spasticity

35
Q

True or False:
With primitive tonic neck reflexes, the elbow extends when the head turns towards the affected side, and the elbow flexes when the head turns away

A

True

36
Q

What does successful stroke recovery depend on? (5)

A
  • early rehab intervention
  • extent of brain injury
  • survivor’s attitude
  • rehab team skill level
  • support of family and sig nif others
37
Q

What is a brain stem stroke?

A

Can result in functional loss in both hemispheres. Those who have a brain stem stroke usually require artificial life support. Many also lapse into a coma.

38
Q

What are the three primary components of the brain?

A
  1. Cerebrum
  2. Cerebellum
  3. Brain stem
39
Q

What does the cerebrum do?

A

it’s the largest and most advanced portion of the brain that controls numerous higher functions like speech, emotion, integretion of sensory stimuli

40
Q

True or False:
In the cerebrum, the left hemisphere controls functions in the right hemisphere, and the right hemisphere controls functions in the left hemisphere.

A

True

41
Q

What divisions is the cerebrum composed of?

A
  1. Frontal lobe
  2. Parietal lobe
  3. Temporal lobe
  4. Occipital lobe
42
Q

What does the frontal lobe do?

A

Planning, organizing, problem solving, and selective attention
- the prefrontal cortex portion controls personality and emotions

43
Q

What do the parietal lobes do?

A

contain the primary sensory cortex which controls sensation
- damage to the left = lost ability to understand spoken or written language
- damage to the right = causes visual/spacial deficits

44
Q

What do the temporal lobes do?

A

provide the ability to differentiate smells and sounds, and regulate memory
- right side = visual memory
- left side = verbal memory

45
Q

What does the occipital lobe do?

A

responsible for visual reception and contains association areas that help in the visual recognition of shapes and colors
- damage to this area can cause visual deficits

46
Q

What is the cerebellum and what does it do?

A

it is the second largest area of the brain
- controls reflexes, balance, and certain aspects of coordination and movement

47
Q

What is the brain stem and what does it do?

A

responsible for the automatic functions of:
- breathing
- digestion
- heart beat
- alertness and arousal

48
Q

When does the patient see the most return of functional movement after a stroke and what is it due to?

A

30 days and spontaneous recovery

49
Q

Maximal neurological recovery generally occurs within the first ___ weeks of recovery

A

12 weeks

50
Q

True or False:
Some patients will recover spontaneously, but all who do not continue to exercise permanently, tend to have functionally declined one year post stroke

A

True

THY 414 Ex. Pres. Chronic Diseases (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions