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THY 414 Ex. Pres. Chronic Diseases > Quiz 4: Diabetes and Wound Care > Flashcards

Quiz 4: Diabetes and Wound Care Flashcards

1
Q

What is diabetes?

A

Occurs when blood glucose is too high

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2
Q

What is insulin?

A

a hormone made by the pancreas, helps glucose from food get into cells to be utilized as energy

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3
Q

True or False:
There is a cure for diabetes

A

False

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4
Q

How is diabetes diagnosed?

A

IFG (impaired fasting glucose)

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5
Q

What are the ranges for diabetes, pre-diabetes, and normal?

A

Diabetes: >125 mg/dL on at least 2 occasions
Pre-diabetes: 100-124 mg/dL
Normal: 80-99 mg/dL

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6
Q

______ is high blood sugar and ______ is low blood sugar

A

Hyperglycemia; hypoglycemia

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7
Q

True or False:
Type 1 diabetes comes from lifestyle factors

A

False

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8
Q

What does Type 1 diabetes stop the body from doing

A

being able to produce insulin, it is insulin DEPENDENT

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9
Q

True or False:
Type 1 diabetes is only diagnosed in children

A

False, while it is mainly diagnosed in children, it can also occur in adults

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10
Q

Which type of diabetes is the one where someone needs to wear an insulin pump?

A

Type 1

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11
Q

Type 2 diabetes is ______ dependent

A

Non-insulin

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12
Q

How does Type 2 diabetes differ from type 1 insulin wise?

A

Type 2 produces too much while type 1 doesn’t make enough or doesn’t have good enough

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13
Q

True or False:
Type 2 diabetes is associated with lifestyle factors

A

True

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13
Q

Type 1 diabetes is an ___________ disease

A

autoimmune

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14
Q

What is the main cause of Type 1 diabetes?

A

Hereditary

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15
Q

Why is Type 1 considered an autoimmune disease?

A

The immune system mistakes the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas as “invaders” and attacks them

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16
Q

True or False:
In DM2 (type 2 diabetes), the body doesn’t produce enough insulin or becomes resistant to it.

A

True

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17
Q

While there is no cure for DM1 or DM2, can it be controlled? If so, how?

A

Yes it can be controlled, with proper diet and exercise, or medication.

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18
Q

True or False:
Both DM1 and DM2 are preventable

A

False, only DM2 is not always preventable, but diet and exercise can reduce risk

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19
Q

What are the risk factors for DM1?

A
  • Family history
  • Genetics
  • Environmental factors (such as a virus)
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20
Q

What are the risk factors for DM2?

A
  • Lifestyle choices
  • Genetics
  • Overweight
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21
Q

Who is at risk for DM2? (11 total)

A
  • Overweight/obese
  • Family history of DM2
  • Age >45 y/o
  • Insulin resistant/pre-diabetes
  • Sedentary lifestyle
  • HBP
  • Low HDLs or high triglycerides
  • History of gestational diabetes or birth 9lb baby
  • History of heart disease or stroke
  • Depression
  • Polycystic ovary syndrome
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22
Q

What are the 5 health problems associated with DM?

A

Heart Disease and Stroke

HBP: 75% of adults with self-reported DM have HBP

Retinopathy: blindess

Nephropathy: kidney failure

Neuropahty: nerve damage (specifically in feet and lower limb)

23
Q

What is glucose and what does it do?

A

Glucose is the main energy source for your body, and it enters the cells of most of your tissues with the help of insulin

24
Why is insulin "the key"?
Insulin enables the glucose to enter the cells and provide the fuel your cells need.
25
Where else does your body have the ability to produce glucose?
liver and kidneys
26
What is hypoglycemia, and what are the blood glucose levels of it? Signs and symptoms?
Hypoglycemia: low blood sugar Levels: <60-70 mg/dL S&S: shakiness, dizziness, sweating, hunger, headache, pale skin color, sudden mood change, clumsy/jerky movements, seizure, difficulty paying attention or confusion
27
What is hyperglycemia, and what are the blood glucose levels of it? Signs and symptoms?
Hyperglycemia: high blood sugar Levels: >target range (typically >220 mg/dL) S&S: high blood glucose, high levels of sugar in urine (ketones), frequent urination, increased thirst If not resolved, ketoacidosis will develop S&S: shortness of breath, breath that smells fruity, nausea and vomiting, very dry mouth
28
What is ketoacidosis?
when the body produces ketones excessively 1. fats are broken down for energy 2. ketones are formed as a byproduct 3. ketones (acids) build up in the bloodstream 4. glucose overloads kidneys leading to dehydration 5. can cause diabetic coma DO NOT EXERCISE -- SEEK MEDICAL ATTENTION
29
True or False: The risk of hypoglycemia is elevated for at least 24 hours in recovery from exercise, with the greatest risk of nocturnal hypoglycemia occurring after afternoon activity
True
30
Every kg (2.2lbs) lost decreased the risk for DM by ___ %
16%
31
What is peripheral neuropathy?
Balance issues and increased risk of diabetic ulcers / foot problems
32
What is autonomic neuropathy?
Cannot estimate peak HR, use RPE for intensity, cannot feel chest pain, potential of "silent" MI
33
Why should you avoid injecting insulin into exercising limbs?
Limb glucose overload
34
True or False: As a diabetic, you should monitor your meal timing and eat at the same time every day.
True
35
When is exercise contradicted with DM?
- have an active renal hemorrhage - illness or infection is present - *BG > 240 mg/dL and elevated ketones* - *BG < 100 mg/dL*
36
What is an ideal BG range?
100-240 mg/dL
37
For DM1, concerning BG levels, when should you NOT exercise?
>250 OR <100
38
What is the difference between acute and chronic wounds?
Acute: generally heals in a couple of weeks Chronic: does not heal by normal repair process
39
True or False: For medical records, it is important to note the location and size (length x width x depth) of a wound.
True
40
What is granulation tissue?
red, cobblestone appearance (healing, filling in)
41
What is necrotic slough tissue? Necrotic eschar tissue?
Slough: yellow, tan dead tissue (devitalized) Eschar: black/brown necrotic tissue, hard or soft
42
For additional damage, what is undermining?
separation of tissue from surface under the edge of wound (describe using clock face)
43
For additional damage, what is tunneling?
channel that runs from wound edge to other tissue
44
What does exudate mean?
fluid from wound
45
How do you document the fluid's characteristics in the wound?
- Amount, type, and color - Light, moderate, heavy Drainage can be clear, sanguineous (bloody red), serosanguineous (blood tinged pinkish), or purulent (cloudy, pus-yellow green)
46
True or False: You should clean a wound before assessing the odor.
True
47
What should you note about the peri-wound (everything around the wound)?
- tissue surrounding - look of it - color - texture - temperature - skin integrity
48
What are the 4 classifications of infected wounds?
Contamination: microorganisms on the surface Colonization: bacteria growing in wound bed without S&S Critical colonization: bacterial growth cause delayed wound healing but has not invaded the tissue Infection: bacteria invades soft tissue, causes systemic response (inflammation, pus, fever, pain etc)
49
If you have a sore on the bottom of 1. hand/feet 2. butt 3. ankle it is ....
Hand/feet: diabetes Butt: pressure wound Ankle: arterial venous
50
What are the 4 factors of wound healing?
1. Nutrition/hydration 2. Circulation 3. Edema 4. Glucose control
51
For PUP (pressure ulcer prevention), what degrees should the HOB (head of bed) be put at?
< 30 degrees
52
When dressing a wound, what should you DO? (5)
1. Relieve pain 2. Relieve pressure 3. Fill dead space if deep wound 4. Protect skin using barrier cream 5. Protect peri-wound using skin prep
53
When dressing a wound, what should you NOT DO? (3)
1. Don't use wet-to-dry dressings (stick to scab overtime) 2. Wrap tape completely around extremity (protection) 3. Pull dressing off a wound (baby steps)
54
What are the 6 types of dressings?
1. Flims: retain moisture 2. Hydrogel: create moist environment 3. Hydrocolloids: moist environment, promotes autolytic debridement 4. Alginates: moderate to heavy drainage (dry out more) 5. Foam: moderate drainage (dry out more) 6a. Silver and cadexomer iodine (knee replacement) 6b. Treatment -- vacuum assisted, hyperbaric oxygen treatment

THY 414 Ex. Pres. Chronic Diseases (6 decks)

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