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THY 414 Ex. Pres. Chronic Diseases > Final Exam Study Guide > Flashcards

Final Exam Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

A temporary interruption of blood flow to the brain that can produce symptoms of neurological deficit is known as a _____

A

Transient ischemic attack (TIA) (mini stroke)

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2
Q

In order for exercise alone to be an efficient weight loss plan, it requires what kind of exercise?

A

High intensity
High volume
Extended duration

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3
Q

What kind of wound is typically found on the bottom of a patient’s foot?

A

Diabetic ulcer

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4
Q

True or False:
Hyaline cartilage, found in joints, has good blood supply and can heal itself when injured.

A

False, it has bad blood supply.

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5
Q

_______ is tissue death due to lack of oxygen.

A

Infarction

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6
Q

Which methods of body composition measurement utilize different applications of the same principle?

A

Hydrostatic weighing and bod pod

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7
Q

True or False:
Granulation tissue should be removed when performing wound debridement.

A

False, granulation tissue is the good tissue that is healing.

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7
Q

Typical characteristics of OA include what?

A

Large joints
Crepitus
Stiffness less than 30 minutes

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7
Q

What is the only lung volume that cannot be measured with spirometry?

A

Residual volume

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8
Q

All of the following are characteristics of Type 2 diabetes except:

A

Affects the body’s ability to produce insuline

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9
Q

Which postural drainage position is to be avoided if you are attempting to avoid increased intracranial pressure?

A

Trendelenburg

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10
Q

True or False:
Hemorrhagic strokes tend to be more common than ischemic strokes.

A

False

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11
Q

What are some of the characteristics of RA?

A

Systemic
Bilateral presentation
joint deformity

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12
Q

A _______ is a blood clot that forms within a blood vessel and remains in place.

A

Thrombus

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13
Q

What type of wound dressing should be used with a dry wound bed?

A

Hydrocolloid

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14
Q

When the lungs do not function properly, the body starts using muscles in what area of the body to compensate?

A

Chest and back

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15
Q

True or False:
Hemorrhagic stroke patients have a greater chance of complete recovery, compared to ischemic stroke patients.

A

True

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16
Q

Cerebral hemorrhages can occur as a result of:

A

Cerebral aneurysm
Defective artery bursting
Arteriovenous malformation
Brain tumor

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17
Q

What volume of gas is remaining in the lungs after a maximal exhalation?

A

Residual volume

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18
Q

True or False:
Airflow obstruction in COPD patients is only partially reversible with smoking cessation and bronchodilator usage.

A

True

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19
Q

True or False:
Tissue plasminogen activator is given for hemorrhagic and ischemic strokes to limit the amount of damage.

A

False

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20
Q

A negative energy balance _______

A

Uses stored body fat as energy

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21
Q

True or False:
RA is an autoimmune disease that leads to inflammation and thickening of the joint capsule.

A

True

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22
Q

What kind of debridement utilizes maggots during treatment?

A

Biologic

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23
True or False: Injury to the left cerebral hemisphere produces sensory and motor deficits on the right side.
True
24
_______ is a speech disorder resulting from paralysis, weakness, or inability to coordinate the muscles that control mouth movement.
Dysarthria
25
Which of the following are contraindications for manual techniques during postural drainage?
Recent epidural Suspected tuberculosis Recently placed pacemaker Osteoporosis
26
True or False: Modified activity and exercise cannot cure arthritis, only reduce pain and slow rate of decline.
True
27
When using diaphragmatic breathing or pursed lip breathing techniques, the exhalation should be ______ inhalation.
2x longer than
28
What cerebral lobe is involved in sensation, and contains the primary sensory cortex?
Partietal
29
True or False: Females require more essential fat than men for normal body functioning.
True
30
What lung volume is the maximum volume of gas that can be forcefully inhaled after a normal inhalation?
Inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)
31
When bacteria has caused delayed wound healing, but has not invaded the tissues, it is known as ___________
Critical colonization
32
Which disease process consists of an autoimmune reaction that destroys insulin-secreting cells in the pancreas?
Juvenile diabetes
33
What part of the brain controls reflexes, balance, and coordination?
Cerebellum
34
Cerebrovascular accidents that occur in the _____ area of the brain generally require artificial life support following.
Brain stem
35
___________ results in continuous damage to joint structures that deteriorates over time.
Osteoarthritis
36
True or False: During the spastic stage of stroke recovery, there is loss of sensation and muscle stretch reflexes that can result in subluxation.
False
37
When performing wound debridement, what tissue should you remove?
Slough and eschar
38
True or False: When performing postural drainage, a full stomach a preferred in order to reduce risk of aspiration.
False, you want an empty stomach
39
Essential fat, in men, should be what percentage of total body weight?
3-5%
40
What is the most serious risk factor for a stroke?
HTN
41
Exercise is contraindicated in diabetic patients whose glucose levels are in what range?
> 240 mg/dL < 100 mg/dL
42
To minimize the loss of muscle tissue during weight loss, body weight reduction should not exceed ______ pounds per week
2-3 pounds
43
What risk factor is responsible for most cases of COPD?
Smoking
44
Which method of body composition measurement can be altered by hydration status?
Bioelectrical impedance
45
True or False: Most diets can produce short term weight loss, but maintaining permanent weight loss is more problematic.
True
46
What hormone is the "key" that unlocks the cell to allow glucose to enter and be used for energy?
Insulin
47
What lung volume describes the maximum volume of gas that can be exhaled after a maximum inhalation?
Vital capacity
48
A patient is considered hypoxic at what oxygen saturation level?
Less than 90%
49
Intermittent claudication is defined as ________
Pain that occurs in a muscle recieving inadequate blood supply.
50
According to ACSM risk stratification categories, what level of risk describes an individual with 1 or more signs and symptoms.
High risk
51
Benefits of field tests for cardiorespiratory fitness include ______
Large number of people can usually be tested at one time.
52
Disease dependent risks are defined as _____
The adverse effects of exercise that are consequence of disease.
53
Which of the following is a benefit of resistance training?
Increased lean body mass Improved blood glucose levels Fewer cardiovascular disease events
54
In an EKG, which wave represents atrial depolarization?
P wave
55
True or False: In the heart, the left atrium and ventricle are oxygen poor while the right atrium and ventricle are oxygen rich.
False
56
According to the ACSM guidelines, what is a relative contraindication for BP screening prior to an exercise stress test?
SBP >200 OR DBP >110
57
Which blood vessel carries oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs?
Pulmonary artery
58
Which of the following is an example of a self-guided screening for physical activity?
PAR-Q+
59
What is the most controllable influence over your health?
Lifestyle behavior
60
When reading an EKG, what represents ventricular depolarization?
QRS complex
61
What is the correct order of blood flow through the heart?
Right atrium > tricuspid valve > right ventricle > left atrium > mitral valve > left atrium
62
What is known as the pacemaker of the heart?
SA node
63
True or False: The parasympathetic nervous system determines the fight or flight response.
False, sympathetic determines fight or flight
64
___________ occurs if plaque build up occurs in major arteries that supply oxygen rich blood to your legs and arms.
Peripheral artery disease
65
What is the most serious of all arrhythmias?
V-fib
66
True or False: Sequential preventricular contractions can be a precursor to further detrimental arrhythmias.
True
67
Low level exercise following a percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) can occur at what point in recovery?
2-3 hours
68
True or False: Unstable angina is predictable and occurs with a specific amount of work.
False
69
True or False: A BP of 121/71 is considered "optimal".
False
70
To be in the objective portion of a SOAP note, it must be _______.
Measurable and repeatable
71
Goals that you create of a patient should be all of the following:
SMART goals
72
The appropriate positioning for taking BP consists of what?
Seated Uncrossed legs No clothing is possible
73
What type of cardiac arrhythmias can be "shocked" back into normal sinus rhythm?
V-fib and V-tach
74
Which artery is the most common location for an MI?
Left anterior descending artery (LADA)
75
On an EKG, ST segment elevation is a common characteristic of _________
MI
76
What can become the pacemaker of the heart if the SA and AV nodes fail respectively?
Purkinje fibers
77
When taking a manual BP, the disappearance of sound is representative of what?
DBP
78
Long term complications of HTN include all of the following, except:
Right ventricular hypertrophy
79
An optimal number for LDL cholesterol is ____
Less than 100
80
What describes a patient with moderate risk according to ACSM risk stratification?
Asymptomatic individual with 2 or more risk factors
81
Major signs and symptoms suggestive of CVD, pulmonary, or metabolic disease include which of the following?
Ankle edema Palpitations Intermittent claduication SOB with usual activities
82
Which of the following is an absolute contraindication to exercise?
Unstable angina
83
True or False: You should stop exercising in low risk adults if the subject asks to stop.
True
84
According to the dose response curve, increasing _________ will increase the response, but also increase the risk of disease dependent problems.
Frequency, duration, and intensity
85
True or False: Low density lipoproteins and very low density lipoproteins are considered "bad" cholesterol.
True
86
Reducing the amount of _________ fat in your diet can help lower blood cholesterol levels.
Saturated
87
A positive value for risk strat occurs with all of the following, except:
50 year old female
88
___________ is extreme muscle inflammation and damage that can lead to kidney damage.
Rhabomyolysis
89
Which artery supplies blood to the SA and AV nodes?
Right coronary artery
90
True or False: A hypertensive diagnosis is characterized by an SBP of 140 and DBP of 90.
False
91
The procedure that utilizes a vessel from elsewhere in the body to bypass an obstructed coronary artery through the large sternal incision is known as ___________.
Traditional coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
92
The most common symptom of ischemia ___________
Angina

THY 414 Ex. Pres. Chronic Diseases (6 decks)

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