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Systems 1 - The Cardiovascular System > Stroke - Presentation and Investigation > Flashcards

Stroke - Presentation and Investigation Flashcards

1
Q

What is a stroke?

A

A neurological deficit (loss of function):

  • Of sudden onset
  • Lasting more than 24hours
  • Of vascular origin
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2
Q

What is a transient ischaemic attack?

A

Less than 24 hours deficiency in the brain

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3
Q

What are the cardinal symptoms of stroke?

A

Loss of:

  • Power
  • Speech
  • Vision
  • Coordination
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4
Q

What symptoms suggest haemorrhagic stroke?

A

Photophobia

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5
Q

What neurological consequences can occur pertaining to motor function?

A

Clumsy or weak limbs

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6
Q

What neurological consequences can occur pertaining to sensory function?

A

Loss of feeling

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7
Q

What neurological consequences can occur pertaining to speech function?

A

Dysarthria (slurred/slow speech) and dysphasia

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8
Q

What neurological consequences can occur pertaining to visual function?

A

Visuospatial problems, loss of vision in one eye, hemianopia (blindness in over half the visual field) and Gaze Palsy (inability to move the eyes synchronously)

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9
Q

What vascular system supplies most of the hemispheres and cortical deep white matter?

A

Carotid system

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10
Q

What vascular system supplies the brain stem, cerebellum and occipital lobes?

A

The vertebro-basilar system

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11
Q

What percentage of strokes are haemorrhagic?

A

15%

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12
Q

What is the commonest cause of cardioembolic stroke?

A

Atrial fibrillation

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13
Q

What is a stroke of the small blood vessels of the brain called?

A

Lacunar stroke

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14
Q

What characterises a Total Anterior Circulation Stroke (TACS)

A

Weakness, sensory deficiency, homonymous hemianopia, higher cerebral deficiency

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15
Q

What is the principle cause of TACS?

A

Occlusion of proximal MCA (middle cerebral artery) or ICA

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16
Q

What differentiates a TACS from a PACS?

A

More restricted cortical infarcts due to occlusion of branches of the MCA in PACS

17
Q

What are the four types of lacunar strokes?

A

Pure motor (commonest), Pure sensory, Sensorimotor, Ataxic hemiparesis

18
Q

What are the characteristics of a pure motor lacunar stroke?

A

Complete or incomplete weakness of one side of the body

19
Q

What are the characteristics of an ataxic hemiparesis lacunar stroke?

A

Hemiparesis and ipsilateral cerebellar axtia, small infarcts in basal ganglia or pons

Intrinsic disease of single basal perforating artery (end arteries)

Often silent

20
Q

What are the characteristics of a posterior circulation stroke?

A

Affecting brainstem, cerebellar and occipital lobes

Complex presentations

21
Q

What are the tests/investigations useful when dealing with stroke?

A

Blood tests, ECG, CT, MRI, Doppler (blood flow/direction/profile/velocity)

Systems 1 - The Cardiovascular System (24 decks)

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