Pathophysiology of Thrombus and Embolism Flashcards
What is normal blood flow described as?
Laminar
Abnormal blood flow can demonstrate what two flow types?
Stagnation and turbulence
Defects in blood flow can cause what?
Thromboembolism, hyper-viscosity, spasm, vasculitis (steal)
What is Virchow’s Triad?
Describes the three broad categories of factors that are thought to contribute to thrombosis
What are the three points of Virchow’s Triad?
- Changes in blood vessel wall
- Changes in the blood constituents
- Changes in the pattern of blood flow
What is embolism?
Movement of abnormal material in the bloodstream and its impaction in a vessel, blocking its lumen
What is an an embolus?
Detached intravascular solid, liquid or gaseous mass
What is thromboembolism?
Dislodged thrombi
What are the types of embolus?
Systemic/arterial Venous Fat Gas embolism Gas embolism Air embolism Tumour Trophoblast Septic material Amniotic fluid Bone marrow Foreign bodies
Systemic thromboembolism consequences depend on what variables?
- Vulnerability of affected tissues to ischaemia
- Calibre of occluded vessel
- Collateral circulation
What are the three stages of pathogenesis of thrombosis?
Endothelial injury
Stasis of turbulent blood flow
Hypercoagulability
What are the clinical outcomes for thromboembolism?
Resolution
Organisation/recanalisation
Death
Propagation (further embolism)
