Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Systems 1 - The Cardiovascular System > Cardiovascular Embryology 2 > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Embryology 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two processes of vascular development?

A

Vasculaogenesis and angiogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is vasculogeneis?

A

Defined as new formation of a primitive vascular network

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is angiogenesis?

A

Defined as new growth of vessels from pre-existing blood vessels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the first arteries to appear in the embryo?

A

The left and right primitive aortae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The primitive aorta are split into what two parts?

A

Ventral and dorsal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The left and right primitive aortae fuse to form what?

A

The aortic sac

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What form from the aortic sac?

A

Aortic branches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What occurs at the same time as the formation of aortic branches?

A

Pharyngeal arches develop during the 4th/5th week and each arch receives its own nerve and artery. These complexes are now called aortic arches

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How many aortic arches initially form?

A

6

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where do all aortic arches terminate?

A

The dorsal aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the fate of the first and second aortic arches?

A

Maxillary arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the fate of the third aortic arch?

A

Common carotid and first part of internal carotid arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the fate of the fourth left aortic arch?

A

Distal aortic arch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is derived from the right fourth aortic arch?

A

Proximal portion of the right subclavian vein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the deviated structure from the sixth aortic arch?

A

Left - left pulmonary artery and ductus anteriosus

Right - right pulmonary artery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the fate of the fifth aortic arch?

A

It totally regresses

17
Q

What is the pathogenesis of most heart defects?

A

Regression of a tube that should stay or non-regression of a tube which shouldn’t stay

18
Q

What four major pathologies are associated with abnormal cardioembryology?

A
  1. Aberrant subclavian vein
  2. Double aortic arch
  3. Patent ductus anteriosus (non closure of the ductus anteriosus)
  4. Coarctation of the aorta (pre- or post ductal)
19
Q

What are the three fates of the vitelline arteries?

A
  1. Celiac artery - foregut
  2. Superior mesenteric artery - midgut
  3. Inferior mesenteric - artery of hindgut
20
Q

What is the fate of the umbilical arteries?

A

Proximal portion persists to form internal iliac and superior vesical branches (to urinary bladder)

Distal portion degenerates and is obliterated to form medial umbilical ligaments

21
Q

What is the function of the vitelline veins?

A

Carry blood from the yolk sac to the sinus venosus

22
Q

What is the function of the umbilical veins?

A

Originate from chorionic villi of placenta - carrying oxygenated blood to the embryos

23
Q

What is the function of the cardinal veins?

A

Draining the body of the embryo

24
Q

What are the fates of the vitelline veins?

4 answers

A
  1. Portal veins
  2. Hepatocardiac inferior vena cava
  3. Liver sinusoids
  4. Superior mesenteric veins
25
Q

What are the fates of the umbilical veins?

A
  1. Right and left umbilical veins

2. Ligamentum venosus

26
Q

What is the fate of the cardinal veins?

A

Forms vena caval (SVC and IVC) by anastomosis

27
Q

What are some pathologies associated with venous abnormalities?

A

Double IVC, Absence of IVC, Left SVC, and double SVC

28
Q

Describe the development of the lymphatic system?

A

Develops at the end of the sixth week, forms six major lymph sac which are later joined by vessels

29
Q

What three structures are important to consider during the foetuses transition from placental circulation to pulmonary circulation?

A

Ducti (venosus and arteriosus) - allows blood to bypass the liver and lungs through the oval foramen (foramen between atria)

30
Q

What is the ductus venosus?

A

Vessel which transmits blood from the umbilical vein direct to the IVC, allowing them to bypass the liver

31
Q

What physiological changes are associated with birth?

A

Foramen vale closes to form fossa ovalis

Ducti contract and become ligaments

Systems 1 - The Cardiovascular System (24 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions