Stroke [Guest Lecture] Flashcards
List the modifiable stroke risk factors
Diet
Sedentary life style
Obesity
Diabetes/Hypertension (can be well controlled)
Smoking
List the non-modifiable stroke risk factors
Family Hx
Age
Gender
Race/Ethnicity
Diabetes/Hypertension
List the 4 system of blood flow for brain circulation
Cerebral artery branches
Internal carotid bracnes
Vertebrobasilar system
Cerebell/spinal arteries
Describe a CVA to the MCA
Presents with:
Face droop
Dead arm
Walks with limp, may use a cane
Dysphasia
Dysarthria
Describe a CVA to the ACA
Presents with:
Leg weakness
Difficulty walking and standing, more likely to use a walker
Arm strength till intact
Describe a CVA to the PCA
Presents with visual deficits
Is less common in isolation, likely to present with other artery CVA
Artery:
- Derived from the internal cartoid artery
- Supplies a large area of teh frontal, parietal, and temoral lobes
- Occulsion causes dysfunction of face, UE, language, and speech
MCA
Artery:
- Derived from the internal carotid artery
- Supplies the medial portion of the frontal and parietal lobes
- Occlusion causes dysfunction of the cortical area supplying primarily the LE
ACA
Artery:
- Derived from the basilar artery
- Supplies the occipital lobe
- Occlusion affects vision
PCA
Side of Stroke:
- Visual perceptual deficits
- Poor judgement, cognitive/behavioral issues
- Impulsive
- Typically present with neglect
RIGHT sided stroke
Also presents with Left sided hemiparesis
Side of Stroke:
- Language deficits
- Aphasia (Broca’s or Werniecke’s)
- Apraxia (automatic motion intact, step by step commands difficult)
- Processing delays
- Perseveration (getting stuck on a step)
LEFT sided stroke
Also presents with right hemiparesis
Describe a Right Sided Stroke
- Left hemiparesis
- Visual perceptual deficits
- Poor judgement, cognitive/behavioral issues
- Impulsive
- Typically present with neglect
Describe a Left Sided Stroke
- Right hemiparesis
- Language deficits
- Aphasia (Broca’s or Werniecke’s)
- Apraxia (automatic motion intact, step by step commands difficult)
- Processing delays
- Perseveration (getting stuck on a step)
List the 3 types of CVA
Ischemia (70%)
Hemorrhagic
TIA
Type of Stroke: Clot formed at site of effect
Ischemic: Thrombotic infarction
Type of Stroke: Clot formed elsewhere, moves to site and causes effect there
Ischemic: Embolic infarction
Type of Stroke: abnormal bleeding in the brain
Hemorrhagic
Describe the ischemic cascade
The tissue immediately surrounding the lesion is the ischemic core, it won’t regain function
The tissue surrounding the core is called the ischemic penumbra, it’s tissue is still viable and may survive
Secondary injury can then occur
The tissue remains viable for 2-4 hours
Term: Atherosclerotic plaques in first major brachings of large cerebbral arteries, progressively narrows
Thrombus
Describe the typical progression of a thrombotic CVA
Facial dropping > Aphasia > Loss of arm function > decreased brain capacity
List the common risk factors for a thrombotic CVA
hypertension
daibetes
cardiac/vascular disease
Term: thrombus from outside the brain, typically from a plaque in the carotide sinus, internal carotid, or heart
Embolic CVA
List the risk factors for a embolic CVA
hypertension, diabetes, cardiac/vascular disease
PLUS A-fib, DVT, infection
List the causes of hemorrhagic CVA
Aneurysm
Hypertension
AV malformation