Stroke Flashcards
aphasia
impairment in expression and/or comprehension of language
dysarthria
weakness and incoordination of muscles used in speech
apraxia
difficulty controlling speech organs resulting in impaired production and sequencing of sounds and breathing
dysphagia
impaired swallowing
define praxis and where in the brain it is controlled by
ability to plan and perform purposeful movement
- frontal lobe
- parietal lobe.
dyspraxia
impaired planning and sequencing of movement that is not due to weakness, incoordination or sensory loss
how is apraxia diagnosed
through process of elimination
list the 2 different types of apraxia
- ideational
2. ideomotor
define ideational apraxia
person does not have idea on what to do
define ideomotor apraxia
know what to do it but can not carry it out
what are 2 standardised assessments to assess apraxia
- Rivermead Perceptual Assessment Battery
- Lowenstein OT cognitive assessment
list 2 partially standardised assessments for apraxia
- ideomotor assessment (client given verbal command of of meaningful and non meaningful gestures)
- Ideational assessment (imitation of gestures)
define object error
using wrong object for the correct action
define spatial error
disorientating one object with another
define action error
commission of movement or incorrect use of movement
list interventions for apraxia
- functional activities
- errorless learning
- visual imagery
- visual cues
- backward chaining
- sensory stimulation
- proprioceptive stimulation
define perplexity
hesitance touching or casual handling of objects e.g. asking therapist for confirmation
what are 2 steps involved in dynamic performance analysis
- establishing whole task pre-requisites
2. analysis of observed performance
define neuroplasticity
the ability of the brain to reorganise itself both in structure and how it functions
when should assessments be conducted on stroke patients
- baseline
- day 3 post stroke
- weeks 8-12 during follow up. care e.g. rehab
describe shoulder positioning post stroke as an OT intervention
- decreases risk of shoulder subluxation, contractors and pain
- enhance ROM
describe electrical stimulation as an OT intervention
- used to strengthen shoulder muscles
- should be used in conjunction with motor training
what does GRASP stand for
Graded Repetitive Arm Supplementary program
what does GRASP involve
- functional program of upper extremity (focusing on strength, fine motor)
- hand are arm exercise programs
describe mirror therapy as an OT intervention post stroke
movement of affected limb stimulated by visual cues originating from opposite side of body
describe constraint induced movement therapy as an OT intervention
constraining less affected arm for 6 hrs per day
define procedural learning
acquisition of perceptual motor or mechanical ‘doing’ skills
