Cerebral Palsy Flashcards

1
Q

how is cerebral palsy caused

A

by a static brain lesion that occurs in the immature brain that leads to permanent motor damage

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2
Q

how are static brain lesions in the immature brain formed?

A
  • cortical abnormality
  • infection as neonate
  • birth trauma
  • acquired injury
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3
Q

what is the function of the pyramidal motor system and what happens when it is damaged

A

Function: control voluntary movement
Damage: spastic paralysis of other side of the body

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4
Q

what is the function of the extra pyramidal motor system and what happens when it is damaged

A

Function: dampens erratic movement, maintains muscle tone, and trunk stability

Damage: dystonia, athetosis, dyskinesia

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5
Q

what is the function of the cerebellum and what happens if it is damaged

A

Function:

  • equilibrium
  • muscle tone
  • coordination

Damage:

  • lack of coordination
  • tremor
  • ataxia
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6
Q

define diplegia

A

2 limb involvement

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7
Q

define quadriplegia

A

4 limb involvement

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8
Q

define tetraplegia

A

includes both diplegia and quadriplegia

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9
Q

hemiplegia

A

one sided

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10
Q

list the 4 patterns of movement

A
  • spasticity
  • hypotonicity
  • dystonia
  • ataxia
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11
Q

define spasticity

A

high muscle tone

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12
Q

define hypotonicity

A

low muscle tone

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13
Q

dystonia

A

alternating muscle tone

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14
Q

ataxia

A

in-coordination of movements

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15
Q

list the characteristics of level one of the GMCS (Gross Motor Classification System)

A

Ability:

  • children can mobilise indoors and outdoors
  • walking, running, jumping, stairs w/o difficulty

Impairment:

  • balance
  • coordination
  • speed
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16
Q

list the characteristics of level two of the GMCS (Gross Motor Classification System)

A

Ability:

  • walk indoors and outdoors
  • stairs with handrail

Difficulty:

  • walking on uneven surface
  • walking in crowded spaces
  • long distances
17
Q

list the characteristics of level 3 of the GMCS (Gross Motor Classification System)

A
  • mobilise indoors and outdoors on level surface with device e.g. frame
  • climb stairs with rail
  • wheelchair for long distances
18
Q

list the characteristics of level 4 type 1 of the GMCS (Gross Motor Classification System)

A
  • aid for mobility; usually controlled by carer
  • walk short distance with frame
  • wheelchair in community
  • sit on chair
  • assistance with transfers
19
Q

list the characteristics of level 4 type 2 of the GMCS (Gross Motor Classification System)

A
  • sit on chair requires adaptive seating for trunk stability and hand function
  • transfer with assistance
  • walk short distances with aid and supervision
  • self mobility via powered wheelchair
20
Q

list the characteristics of level 5 of the GMCS (Gross Motor Classification System)

A
  • physical impairment restricts voluntary control

- no means of independent mobility

21
Q

list the charcateristics of level one MACS (Manual Ability Classification System)

A

children get in and out of, and sit in chair w/o hand support