Cerebral Palsy

Question 1

how is cerebral palsy caused

Answer 1

by a static brain lesion that occurs in the immature brain that leads to permanent motor damage

Question 2

how are static brain lesions in the immature brain formed?

Answer 2

• cortical abnormality
• infection as neonate
• birth trauma
• acquired injury

Question 3

what is the function of the pyramidal motor system and what happens when it is damaged

Answer 3

Function: control voluntary movement
Damage: spastic paralysis of other side of the body

Question 4

what is the function of the extra pyramidal motor system and what happens when it is damaged

Answer 4

Function: dampens erratic movement, maintains muscle tone, and trunk stability

Damage: dystonia, athetosis, dyskinesia

Question 5

what is the function of the cerebellum and what happens if it is damaged

Answer 5

Function:

• equilibrium
• muscle tone
• coordination

Damage:

• lack of coordination
• tremor
• ataxia

Question 6

define diplegia

Answer 6

2 limb involvement

Question 7

define quadriplegia

Answer 7

4 limb involvement

Question 8

define tetraplegia

Answer 8

includes both diplegia and quadriplegia

Question 9

hemiplegia

Answer 9

one sided

Question 10

list the 4 patterns of movement

Answer 10

• spasticity
• hypotonicity
• dystonia
• ataxia

Question 11

define spasticity

Answer 11

high muscle tone

Question 12

define hypotonicity

Answer 12

low muscle tone

Question 13

dystonia

Answer 13

alternating muscle tone

Question 14

ataxia

Answer 14

in-coordination of movements

Question 15

list the characteristics of level one of the GMCS (Gross Motor Classification System)

Answer 15

Ability:

• children can mobilise indoors and outdoors
• walking, running, jumping, stairs w/o difficulty

Impairment:

• balance
• coordination
• speed

Question 16

list the characteristics of level two of the GMCS (Gross Motor Classification System)

Answer 16

Ability:

• walk indoors and outdoors
• stairs with handrail

Difficulty:

• walking on uneven surface
• walking in crowded spaces
• long distances

Question 17

list the characteristics of level 3 of the GMCS (Gross Motor Classification System)

Answer 17

• mobilise indoors and outdoors on level surface with device e.g. frame
• climb stairs with rail
• wheelchair for long distances

Question 18

list the characteristics of level 4 type 1 of the GMCS (Gross Motor Classification System)

Answer 18

• aid for mobility; usually controlled by carer
• walk short distance with frame
• wheelchair in community
• sit on chair
• assistance with transfers

Question 19

list the characteristics of level 4 type 2 of the GMCS (Gross Motor Classification System)

Answer 19

• sit on chair requires adaptive seating for trunk stability and hand function
• transfer with assistance
• walk short distances with aid and supervision
• self mobility via powered wheelchair

Question 20

list the characteristics of level 5 of the GMCS (Gross Motor Classification System)

Answer 20

• physical impairment restricts voluntary control

- no means of independent mobility

Question 21

list the charcateristics of level one MACS (Manual Ability Classification System)

Answer 21

children get in and out of, and sit in chair w/o hand support